Page 1 of 8
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 02
February 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 719
eksgunkl uSfe’kjk; ds miU;kl ^t[e gekjs* esa ^o.kZ vk Sj tkfr*
'kks/kkFkhZ] vUuq] ih,p-Mh-] fgUnh foHkkx] e-n- fo'ofo|ky;] jksgrdA
^t[e gekjs* miU;kl nq%[k] osnuk] tkfrxr ghurk nfyrksa ij lo.kksZa ds vR;kpkj]
lkEiznkf;drk dk na’k vkfn leL;kvksa ls vksr&izksr gSA lkEiznkf;d naxksa esa fL=;ksa ij gksus
okys cqjs crkZo] ccZjrk] fgalk vkfn dk ekfeZd o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA lkEiznkf;drk ds na’k us
fdl izdkj mPp f’kf{kr yksxksa dks Hkh vius f’kadts esa dlk gqvk gS] bldk o.kZu Hkh fd;k
x;k gSA
vktdy gj {ks= esa nfyr foe’kZ ,d egRoiw.kZ leL;k] fopkj dk eqnnk] cgl dk
eqn~nk cudj mHkjk gSA lekt o jktuhfr esa bldk cksyckyk c<rk gh tk jgk gSA
vk/kqfud lkfgR; esa tc ls ^nfyr* ‘kCn dk iz;ksx gksus yxk gS] rc ls bl ‘kCn dh mRifÙk
dks ysdj fon~okuksa esa erHksn ik;k tkrk gSA nfyr ‘kCn dh mRifr ^ny~* /kkrq ls gqbZ gS
vFkkZr~ ftldk nyu fd;k x;k gksaA tks gkf’k;s ij fo|eku gks] og nfyr gSA fgUnh
‘kCndks’kksa esa Hkh ^nfyr* ‘kCn ds fofHkUu vFkZ fn, x, gS ^^ nfyr 1⁄4la-1⁄2 1⁄4L=h nfyrk1⁄2 1⁄411⁄2
elyk gqvk] efnZr 1⁄421⁄2 tks dqpyk] nyk] elyk ;k jkSank x;k gks 1⁄431⁄2 [kafMrA 1⁄441⁄2 fou”V
fd;k gqvkA**1
nfyr & Hkw-d`- 1⁄4la- ny~$Dr~1⁄2 1⁄411⁄2 ftldk nyu gqvk gks 1⁄421⁄2 tks dqpyk] nyk ;k
jkSank x;k gks 1⁄431⁄2 VqdM+s & fd;k gqvkA pwf.kZr 1⁄441⁄2 tks nck;k x;k gks] vFkok ftls iuius
;k u c<us fn;k x;k gks ghu voLFkk esa iM+k gqvk 1⁄451⁄2 /oLr ;k u”V fd;k FkkA**2
Page 2 of 8
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 02
February 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 720
vkseizdk’k okYehfd dgrs gSa fd ^nfyr* ‘kCn dk vFkZ gS& ^^ftldk nyu vkSj neu
gqvk gS] nck;k x;k gS] mRihfM+r ‘kksf”kr] lrk;k gqvk] fxjk;k gqvk] misf{kr] ?k`f.kr] jkSank
gqvk elyk gqvk] dqpyk gqvk] fofu”V] efnZr] iLr&fgEer grksRlkfgr] oafpr vkfnA**3
jRudqekj lkaHkfj;k ds ‘kCnksa esa & ^^nfyr ‘kCn dk ‘kkfCnd vFkZ gS] nck gqvkA vkRelEeku
vkSj vkRefo’okl dh ftlesa deh gksA vieku] mRihM+u izrkM+uk dks ftlus viuh fu;fr
eku fy;k gksA**4
lkjs vFkksZa vkSj ifjHkk”kkvksa ls Li”V gS fd nfyr ls gekjk vfHkizk;& ‘kksf”kr] ihfM+r]
O;fFkr] nck gqvk] dqpyk gqvk] jkSank gqvk vkSj inkdzakrA ‘krkfCn;ksa ls pyh vk jgh
o.kZ&O;oLFkk ds ‘keZukd dqpdz esa Q¡ls jgdj rFkkdfFkr mPp oxksZa ds lqfu;ksaftr “kM+;a=ksa
dks fu:ik; ewd izkf.k;ksa dh Hkkafr HkksXkus jgus okys ^nfyr* gSaA budk mPp oxksZa }kjk
lkekftd lkaLd`frd] /kkfeZd] jktuhfrd ,ao vkfFkZd ‘kks”k.k rFkk mRihM+u fd;k x;k gSA
eksgunkl uSfe’kjk; us ^t[e gekjs* uked miU;kl esa blh ‘kks”k.k] mRihM+u] nq%[k]
osnuk dh leL;k dks ikBdksa ds lkeus izLrqr fd;k gSA miU;kl dk vkjEHk xqtjkr esa vk;s
HkwdEi dh =klnh ds Hk;kud fp=ksa ds lkFk gksrk gSA HkwdEi ls fuokl LFky u”V gks x;s
Fks tks ?kj dqN nsj igys iwjh ‘kku&’kkSDr ls egy dh Hkkafr [kaM+s Fks] os vc eyck cu x; s
FksA pkjksa rjQ bZaV& iRFkj ds <sj yxs FksA izd`fr dh bl fouk’kyhyk esa euq”; vc Hkh
tkrh;rk dh ladh.kZ xfy;ksa ls xqtj jgk FkkA ‘kj.kkFkhZ dSEiksa dk caVkokjk tkfr ds vk/kkj
ij dj fn;k x;kA Hkkstu ds fy, ykbusa Hkh blh ds vuqlkj cuus yxh FkhA ^xqyke
vgen* uked O;fDr ds ek/;e ls uSfe’kjk; th us nfyrksa ds n;uh; thou dks n’kkZ;k gSA
nfyrksa dks tehankj lo.kZ vius iSj dh twrh le>rs FksaA mUgsa ,sls dk;Z fn, tkrs Fks] tksfd
Page 3 of 8
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 02
February 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 721
misf{kr Js.kh esa vkrs FksA xqyke vgen eycksa ls ‘ko fudkyus dk dk;Z djrk gSA bl dk;Z
dks djuk] mPp oxZ vius fy, misf{kr le>rs Fks] uhph dksfV dk le>rsa FksaA
HkwdEi us pkjksa rjQ cjcknh dk eatj cuk fn;k FkkA /kjrh ij vk;h bl vkink ds
ckotwn Hkh euq”; o.kZ&Hksn vkSj tkrh;rk ds jaxksa dks R;kxrk ugha gS] thou dh dksbZ
fdj.k tc rd ‘ks”k jgrh gS] rc rd og tkrh;rk ds dqpdz dks rksM+ ugha ikrk gSA
ftldk ,d mnkjg.k ;gk¡ n`”VO; gS] HkqdEi ds ckn lHkh Hkkstu djus ds fy, ykbuksa esa
yxs Fks rHkh ^^ vpkud ,d O;fDr us vius vkxs [kM+s O;fDr dks ns[kk Fkk] mlus mls
igpkuus dh dksf’k’k dh] ij mldh le> esa ugh vk jgk Fkk fd mls dgk¡ ns[kk Fkk] og
ckj&ckj mldh rjQ ns[krk vkSj mlds Hkhrj ls tkrh; igpku ryk’kus dh dksf’k’k
djrkA vius bl iz;kl esa og iwjh rjg ls cSpsu gks mBkA tSls mls ;kn vk;k] rHkh dzks/k
esa og ph[k mBk Fkk&
^^vksg <sM+**5
Bhd rjg tkfr dks ek/;e cukdj nfyr lekt dks lEcksf/kr fd;k tkrk gSA og O;fDr
ml ij fpYykrk gS vkSj vyx ykbu esa [kM+k gksus ds fy, dgrk gSA
^^mlds ihNs [kMs+ gq, O;fDr us ukjktxh ds Loj esa dgk Fkk] ^^rw ;gk¡ D;ksa [kM+k gS\
m/kj tk vkSj viuh vyx ykbu cuk*
mlus vleatl esa nksgjk;k Fkk&
^vyx ykbu*
Mk¡Vus okys O;fDr us fQj ls Øks/k Hkjs Loj esa dgk Fkk] ^gk¡ vyx ykbu*
mlus fgEer dj iwNk] ^ij D;ksa*
