Page 1 of 11

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 03

March 2019

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 542

Hkkjr e sa —f"k dk O;olk;hdj.k ,o a i;kZoj.k ij mudk çHkko

jsuw ;kno 1⁄4 ,l0vkj0,Q01⁄2

'kks/k Nk+=k, Hkwxksy

usg: xzke Hkkjrh fo'ofo|ky;] bykgkckn

lkjka'k (Abstract)

Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk nqfu;k esa lcls cM+h gSA ns'k nw/k] nky vkSj twV dk nqfu;k dk

lcls cM+k mRiknd gS] vkSj ;g pkoy] xsgwa] xUuk] ewaxQyh] lfCt;ksa] Qyksa vkSj dikl

ds mRiknu esa nwljs LFkku ij gSA ;g elkys] eNyh] eqxhZ ikyu] i'kq/ku vkSj o`{kkjksi.k

Qlyksa ds çeq[k mRikndksa esa ls ,d gSA gkykafd] ns'k esa xjhch esa jgus okys 400

fefy;u ls vf/kd yksx gSa] vkSj os nqfu;k ds ,d frgkbZ xjhc yksxksa ds [kkrs esa gSaA

xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa xjhch lcls vf/kd çpfyr gS] tgka 'kgjh vkcknh ds yxHkx 14 çfr'kr

dh rqyuk esa yxHkx 26 çfr'kr yksx xjhch esa jgrs gSaA 19 oha lnh ds iwokZ/kZ ds var

rd] Hkkjrh; xk¡o vfuok;Z :i ls vkRefuHkZj FkkA vukt ;k diM+k O;kikjh dh

lkef;d ;k=kvksa dks NksM+dj bldk nqfu;k ds lkFk 'kk;n gh dksbZ laidZ Fkk] ftlus

,d xkao dh vf/k'ks"k dks nwljs dh deh dks iwjk fd;kA ,sls xk¡o esa] mRiknu dks mlds

vkRefuHkZj pfj= }kjk r; fd;k x;k FkkA

xk¡o us viuk Hkkstu [kqn cuk;k] viuh [kwfc;k¡ cukbZa vkSj viuh t:jrksa ds fy, de

ek=k esa dikl vkSj rsy cht dk mRiknu fd;kA gkyk¡fd] nks Qlysa Fkha tks iwjs ns'k esa

ugha mxkbZ tk ldrh FkhaA ;s dikl vkSj xUuk FksA ;gka rd fd] O;kikj dkQh gn rd

lhfer Fkk vkSj ,d NksVs ls {ks= rd lhfer FkkA gkyk¡fd] 1860 ds ckn ls] fodkl dh

,d J`a[kyk gqbZ] ftlus ,d rjQ] xkao ds ikjaifjd vyxko dks rksM+ fn;k] vkSj nwljh

rjQ] —f"k dh ç—fr dks fuokZg ls O;kolkf;d [ksrh esa cny fn;kA fdlku] vc vius

Page 2 of 11

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 03

March 2019

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 543

?kjsyw miHkksx ds fy, mRiknu ugha djrk gS] y sfdu ^^fu;kZr ds mís';ksa ds fy, Hkwfe dk

,d vPNk vuqikr gy ds rgr pyk x;k^^A

e q[;'kCn & Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk, xjhch, xzkeh.k, O;olk;hdj.k, i;kZoj.k, mRiknu

i zLrkouk

ifjogu vkSj fons'kh O;kikj ds fodkl us rackdw] ewaxQyh vkSj vkyw tSlh dbZ ubZ

Qlyksa dh 'kq:vkr dh] tcfd ckn ds pj.k esa] daiuh dh okf.kfT;d vko';drkvksa us

bls bafMxks] twV] pk; dh [ksrh dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy, çsfjr fd;kA fons'kh cktkjksa

ij fuHkZj gksus ds dkj.k] fdlku dks vc le> esa vk x;k Fkk fd og vius mRiknksa dh

rqyuk es a vius [ksr ls dek, x, equkQs ij T;knk th jgk FkkA Hkkjrh; —f"k esa bl

ifjorZu dks —f"k dk O;olk;hdj.k dgk tkrk gSA

—f"k dk O;kolk;hdj.k çfØ;k%

ubZ flapkbZ lqfo/kkvksa dh miyC/krk ls O;kolk;hdj.k dh çfØ;k dks vkSj enn feyh

ftlds dkj.k [ksrh djus okys ds fy, ;g vko';d gks x;k fd og xUus dh vf/kd

Hkqxrku okyh ysfdu fo'ks"k Qlysa mxk, ;fn og ikuh dh nj dk Hkqxrku djus esa

l{ke gksA

lkekU; Qlyksa dh [ksrh vc ykHknk;d ugha Fkh vkSj fdlku dks ckgj ;k cktkj esa

Hkkjrh; ;k fons'kh ds fy, mPp ewY; okyh Qly mxkuh FkhA bldk lexz çHkko ogh

Fkk] pkgs iatkc esa igys dk c<+k xsgwa gks ;k fQj mlds fy, nD[ku esa xUus dk ?kj esa

lsou djus ds ctk; cktkj esa cspk tkuk FkkA udnh Qlyksa dh [ksrh esa rsth ls o`f)

dk ,d ewy dkj.k ;g Fkk fd bl rjg ds fodkl dk Hkkjr esa fczfV'k vf/kdkfj;ksa ds

Page 3 of 11

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 03

March 2019

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 544

fy, Lokxr FkkA igys LFkku ij] daiuh ds okf.kfT;d fgrksa dks bafMxks] pk;] d‚Qh]

[kky vkSj vQhe ds fu;kZr ls tksM+k x;k FkkA

;s m|ksx T;knkrj ;wjksih; yksxksa ds gkFkksa esa Fks ;gka rd fd daiuh ds ukSdjksa dks Hkh

muesa O;kikj djus dh vuqefr FkhA blds vykok] 19 oha 'krkCnh ds e/; rd] fczVsu

Lo;a vkS|ksfxd Økafr ls xqtj pqdk FkkA fczfV'k m|ksx rc nqfu;k esa lcls vf/kd

fodflr Fks vkSj] os vHkh Hkh foLrkj dj jgs FksA Hkkjr ls muds mRiknu vkSj fu;kZr d s

fy, gj lqfo/kk vkSj çksRlkgu çnku djds feysA

—f"k dk O;kolk;hdj.k çHkko %

O;kolkf;d Økafr dk Hkkjrh; xzkeh.k lekt dh lkekftd&vkfFkZd lajpuk ij nwjxkeh

çHkko iM+kA ;g vrhr ds lkFk ,d xaHkhj fojke ysdj vk;k D;ksafd ;g vc xk¡o ;k

;gk¡ rd fd iwjs {ks= ds fy, vko';d ugha Fkk fd og [kk|kUu vkSj thou dh vU;

vko';drkvksa ds fy, i;kZIr gksA —f"k mit ds fy, ,d jk"Vah; cktkj fodflr gqvk

tgka fdlku viuh Qly dks csp ldrk gS D;ksafd ;g Qly Fkh vkSj tgka ls og

t:jr iM+us ij viuh t:jr dk lkeku [kjhn ldrk FkkA bl çdkj] ubZ rkdrksa ds

çHkko esa] xk¡o vc ml d‚EiSDV bdkbZ ds :i esa ugha jg ldrk gS tks igys FkhA bld s

ctk;] c<+rh ço`fÙk ;g Fkh fd çR;sd ifjokj ds fy, ;g lcls vPNk gks ldrk gSA

O;kolk;hdj.k us Hkkjr dh —f"k mit ds fy, fons'kh ekax esa Hkkjh o`f) yk nh] ftlds

ifj.kkeLo:i dherksa esa lkekU; ysfdu fLFkj o`f) gqbZA 1859&60 esa] Hkkjr ds fu;kZr

dk dqy ewY; # 29 djksM+ ;g 1879&80 vkSj #i;s esa 69 djksM+ #i;s gks x;kA

1906&7 esa 166 djksM+A xsgwa dks T;knkrj ;wds jkbl dks fu;kZr fd;k x;k Fkk] gkykafd]

nqfu;k ds gj fgLls tSls lhyksu] iwohZ vÝhdk] osLV baMht vkSj nf{k.k vesfjdk esa Hkstk

x;k FkkA rsy ds cht fu;kZr dh ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ oLrq FkhA viuh Qlyksa dk p;u