Page 1 of 8

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 03

March 2019

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 954

i zHkk [k srku d s miU;klk sa e sa L=h dh lkekftd ,o a lkaLd `frd fLFkfr

M‚- lhek frokjh

M‚DVj v‚Q fQy‚lQh, Çgnh foHkkx

M‚- jke euksgj yk sfg;k voèk foÜofo|ky; Q +Stkckn

chloha lnh d s vfUre rhu n”kdksa e sa fgUnh dFkk lkfgR; ,d u;h L=h psruk dk mn; g qvk vkSj

lkfgR; e sa L=h dh ikj aifjd Nfo dks cnyu s dk vkUnksyu Hkh t +ksj idM +u s yxkA bl dkykof/k e sa

vu sd y sf[kdkvksa u s L=h foe”kZ dks ok.kh n su s dk egRrj dke fuHkk;k g SA o Sf”od vk Sj Hkkjrh; ifji sz{;

esa ukjhokn d s iu:RFkku esa efgyk y sf[kdkvk sa dh o Spkfjd Hkwfedk dk v/;;u ; qx dh ekax g SA

Hkkjr tSl s fodkl”khy n s”k esa fL=;ksa dks fir `lRrkRed lekt dk lekuk djuk iM + jgk g SA fir `lRrk

oLr qr% ,d ,slh lkekftd O;oLFkk gS tks vHkaxqj :Ik esa] vck/k xfr ls gt +kjk sa lkyksa ls i zokgeku gSA

blu s L=h dks viuk xqyke euk j[kk g S vkSj fL=;ksa ij db Z i zdkj d s cU/ku ,o a ddZ”ki w.kZ dku wu yxk

fn;kA L=h dk nk;jk ?kj d s pkj fnokjksa rd gh lhfer FkkA ;gka loky flQZ fiNM +siu dk ugha] cfYd

gj dne ij L=h dks OkLr q d s :Ik es a n s[ku s] ukiu s&rk Syu s esa fufgr i qjkru ekufldrk ls g SA

fgUnh lkfgR; ds lkBo sa n”kd l s efgyk y sf[kdkvksa dk ,d cM +k ny lkeu s mHkjdj vk;kA bld s cg qr

igy s gh fopkjksa dh Lor a=rk] ;kSu dk; Z esa vkt +knh vkfn d s vk/kkj ij if”pe esa QsfefuT +e dk lw=ikr

gks x;k FkkA i zdk.M nk”k Zfud ,o a ÝsUp y sf[kdk fleksu n cksmoj dh fo[;kr d`fr;ks a dh yk sdfi z;rk l s

Hkh L=hokn dk ukjk cgqr et +c wr gk s mBkA L=h dks eqDr djku s d s miy{; e sa tk s O;kid dne mBk; s

x;s mlls lkfgR; dk uHkk s e.My vf/kd HkkLoj cu x;kA vr% vk/kqfud dky e sa fy[kh x;h gj fo/kk

tSls&ukVd] miU;kl] dgkuh] dfork] vkfn esa ukjh dh eu% fLFkfr] leL;k;sa] l a?k"kZ ,o a fon zksg psruk

dks vfrfof”k"Vrk ls vfHkO;Dr fd;k x;kA ledkyhu fgUnh d s efgyk dFkkdkjksa esa eUu w Hk.Mkjh] eerk

dkfy;k] d`".kk lkscrh] eS=s;h i q"ik] e`.kky ikaM s] f”kokuh] pUn zdkUrk] ef.kdk eksfguh] fp=k eqn ~xy]

xhrkatyhJh] e`nqyk xxZ] vydk ljkoxh] vukfedk] jkth lsB] fu:iek lsorh] jtuh ifudj] dql qe

valy] ukfljk “kekZ rFkk i zHkk [ksrku u s viu s lkfgR; esa lekt esa ?kfVr L=h d s ckjhd ls ckjhd fo’k;

dks l `tukRed ÅtkZ i znku fd;k gSA lkfgR; esa tks ub Z psruk ,o a LQwfr Z dk mn; gqvk] mld s vUn:uh

dkj.kksa e sa ukjhokn lk sp ,o a jpukvksa dk cM +k gkFk jgk gSA

Page 2 of 8

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 03

March 2019

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 955

i zkphudky esa Hky s gh laLd`fr vk Sj lH;rk ,d gh vFkZ esa i z;qDr gksr s jgs] ijUr q vkt mue sa vUrj

Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k gSA lH;rk ls rkRi;Z mu vkfo"dkjks a] mRiknu lk/kuk sa rFkk lkekftd] jktuhfrd

laLFkkvksa ls g S ftuls ekuo thou iFk ljy] lqyHk vk Sj Lora= curk gS] ijUr q laLd`fr gekj s

fpUru&euu vk Sj dykRed l`tu dh mu fØ;kvk sa ls lEcfU/kr gS tks ijks{k :Ik ls thou dks le`)

cukrh gSA lH;rk rFkk laLd `fr nksuksa gh eu q"; dh l`tukRed fØ;kvksa d s ifj.kke g SaA lH;rk rFkk

laLd`fr vyx&vyx u gk sdj ,d gh O;kid lR; d s nks Nk sj g Sa ftudk lEcU/k vU;ksU;kJ; gSA bue s

ls fdlh Hkh ,d d s vHkko eas n wljh egRoghu rFkk fujFkZd cu ldrh gSA lH;rk vkSj laLd `fr dh

fodkl vkxs ihN s ugh a oj.k~ lkFk&lkFk gqvk g SA

lH;rk laLd`fr nks fHkUu rRo gSaA lH;rk dks ukik tk ldrk gS D;ksafd lH;rk dk lEcU/k mi;ksfxrk l s

gS vk Sj HkkSfrd oLr qvksa dh mi;ksfxrk dks ge n wljh oLr qvksa ls r qyuk djd s vklkuh l s uki ldr s g SaA

laLd`fr dks ukik ugha tk ldrk gSA mldh Js"Brk dk eki laHko ugha gSA l aLd`fr dk vk/kkj fo”okl

gS] tks vewr Z gksrk gSA bld s foijhr lH;rk dk vk/kkj Hkk Sfrd le`f) gS] tks ewr Z gksrh gSA

lH;rk ln So vkxs c< +rh gS vk Sj ges”kk ,d gh fn”kk esa i zxfr dh vksj mUe q[k gksrh tkrh gSA y sfdu

laLd`fr ln So vkxs ugha c< +rh mld s ifjorZu dh fn”kk Hkh fuf’pr ugha gksrhA l aLd`fr lk/; gS] y{; g S

rFkk mlls gesa lUr qf"V feyrh g SA bld s foijhr lH;rk lk/ku gSA lk/ku dk vFkZ gS y{; dk s i zkIr

dju s dh fof/kA lH;rk ,o a laLd`fr dk ?kfu"B lEcU/k Hkh gSA nk suksa ,d n wlj s d s i wjd vkSj lg;ksxh gS aA

lH;rk laLd`fr dks vkxs c< +u s esa ,d ek/;e dk dk;Z djrh gSA LkH;rk laLd`fr dh okgd gSA lH;rk

laLd`fr d s i zpkj ,o a i zlkj e sa enn n srh gSA vkpk;Z f}o snh fopkj vk Sj fordZ esa fy[kr s gSa *lH;rk

lekt dh Okkg ~; O;oLFkk dk uke g S] vkSj laLd`fr varj d s fodkl dkA*

i zHkk [ksrku u s rks lk sek d s ek/;e ls lekt e sa ifjor Zu fd;kA lekt dks ,d ub Z lksp] ub Z fn”kk ftl

?kj pydj L=h viu s l q[kksa dks i zkIr dj ldrh g S y sfdu y sf[kdk dk ,d L=h }kjk n wljh L=h dk ?kj

cckZn djuk mfpr ugha gSA fp=k tk s fd lqthr lj dh iRuh gS og Hkh rk s lqthr lj ls izse fookg

djd s vkb Z FkhA lqthr lj d s fy, mlu s viuk ?kj ifjokj rd R;kx fn;k Fkk vk Sj mldh ,d pkj

lky dh c sVh Hkh gS pwafd lqthr lj vkSj fp=k e sa vc og I;kj ckdh ugha jgk y sfdu bl rjg nksuk as

dk vyx gks tkuk vPNk ugha yxkA fp= dgka x;h gk sxhA mldk rks ifjokj Hkh lkFk ugha vk Sj ml

pkj lky dh c sVh dk D;k gksxkA mls rks eka cki nksuksa d s I;kj dh t +:jr Fkh fQj ,d n wljh L=h d s

I;kj esa IkM +dj lqthr lj viuh c sVh dks dSl s Hk qyk;k c SB sA ;fn lksek dk I;kj fdlh vkSj i q:"k ls gksrk

rks ifjor Zu vPNk gksrk y sfdu ,d ?kj NksM +dj n wljk ?kj clkuk vu qfpr yxkA

Page 3 of 8

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 03

March 2019

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 956

blh i zdkj ,d vkSj ?kj Hkh cck Zn g qvk Fkk og Fkk lqjktk th dk ?kjA in ~ekorh vkSj l qjktk th vkil

esa I;kj dju s yxr s gS aA in ~ekorh vkSj l qjktk mudh iRuh fueyh ckb Z ls feyu s d s cgku s ifr ls feyrh

gSA pwafd ;g i zse nck g qvk FkkA yks axks d s lkeu s mtkxj ugha g qvk Fkk blfy, fueyh ckb Z Hkh fon zksg

ugha djrhA LOk;a viu s ifr dh e`R;q d s ckn fueyh ckb Z in ~ekorh dh l sok e sa jgu s yxrh gSA ;fn ml s

irk py tkrk fd tks ifr dks og rks in ~ekorh dks i zse djrk jgk rks mls dSlk yxk gksrkA mldk Hkh

?kj fp= d s ?kj dh rjg cckZn gks tkrkA

ihyh vka/kh miU;kl esa y sf[kdk u s vk/kqfudrk dh ckr dgh g SA igy s rk s mUgksau s ekjokM +h lekt esa inkZ

i zFkk ij fu”kkuk djr s gq, ek/ko d s ek/;e l s lkaoj dh 'kknh fcuk inkZ d s djkrh gSA ek/ko pkgrk rk s

chekj iRuh dh otg ls n wljh 'kknh dj ldrk FkkA y sfdu vk/kqfudrk dk ifjp; n sr s gq, og dgrk

gS fd **r qe fuf”par jgks] r qEgkj s jgr s eSa n wljk fookg ugha d: axkA** blh i zdkj n wljh iRuh in ~ekorh ls

C;kg djd s Hkh ek/ko iNrkrk gS vk Sj dgrk gS fd ;g esj s l s mej esa vk/kh g S] eq>s blls C;kg ugh a

djuk pkfg, FkkA

y sf[kdk i zHkk [ksrku u s ihyh vka/kh miU;kl eas f”k{kk ij Hkh egRo fn;k gSA T +;knkrj ekjokM +h ifjokj

i< s+&fy[ks ugha gk sr s g Sa y sfdu y sf[kdk u s bu ik=ksa esa i< +u s dh yyd txkb Z gSA ek/ko 'khy ckc w d s ;gk a

tkdj vaxszth i< +rk gSA 'khy ckc w dgr s gSa fd **n s[k ugha jg s dSls gekjh vKkurk dk Qk;nk vax zst +

cfu;s mBk jgs gSaA** ;gka Ikj y sf[kdk u s vaxzst +h f”k{kk ij t +ksj fn;k g SA

bl miU;kl esa fy ax Hksn d s Hkh db Z mnkgj.k vk;s gSaA tSls dql qe tc i Snk g qb Z Fkh rk s og lreklk Fkh

rks rkb Z th mls :b Z eas yi sVdj vk Sj Åij dk n w/k fiykdj cM +k fd;k Fkk y sfdu mldh eka dgrh g S

fd] **NksfM +;s uk ftBkuh th eju s nhft,A dkSu lk c sVk gSA** ;fn c sVk gksrk rks og ml s cpku s dh

dksf”k”k djrh y sfdu c sVh gS blfy, ejus d s fy, NksM +uk pkgrh gSA blh i zdkj lksek Hkh rhu cgu sa gSaA

mudk dksb Z Hkkb Z ugaha FkkA o Sls rks lksek d s firk fe0 vxzoky cgqr vk/k qfud vk Sj [k qy s fopkjksa oky s Fk s

y sfdu tc ckr c sVk vk Sj c sVh dh vkrh rk s o s dgr s fd ** vkt bl c q< +ki s esa eq> s bruk vd syk rks ugh a

yxrk fnu jkr x/ks dh rjg [kVrk jgrk gwa i wNk s r qEgkjh eEeh ls ml s fdlh ckr dh deh gS\ vc ;fn

c sVk ugha rks e S D;k dj ldrk gwa\ c sVk gksrk rks vkt ;ksa esjk O;kikj M wCkrk\** mudks yxrk gS fd ;fn

c sVk gks tkrk rks mudk O;kikj laHkkyu s okyk okfj”k gks tkrk vkSj ;w a mudk O;kikj [kRe ugh gksrkA

blh ifj.kke Lo:Ik vc mUg sa viuh iRuh QwgM + xok aj yxrh g S vkSj o s lkB o"kZ dh mez esa ipiu o’k Z

dh di wj vk aVh l s jksek al QekZ jgs FksA lkse lksprh g S fd esj s vk/kqfud ikik fQj i wjh rjg vk/kqfud D;k s a

vkaVh ls 'kknh dj yh\

Page 4 of 8

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 03

March 2019

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 957

ihyh vk a/kh miU;kl e sa nks fo/kok fL=;ksa dk o.k Zu fd;k x;k gSA ,d g S ek/ko dh n wljh iRuh in ~ekorh

vkSj n wljh gSa lkaoj dh cM +h c sVh j sok ckb ZA j sok ckb Z d s ifr dk vpkud gkV Z Qsy gks x;k FkkA rkb Z th

tks fd [kqn fo/kok Fkh og fo/kok dk nn Z tkurh Fkh blfy, mUgksau s j sok ckb Z dk s okil viu s llqjky

ugha tku s fn;k mudk dguk Fkk] **e Sa ugha bldks okil Hkstu s dhA ogka D;k j[kk gS\ ftUnxh Hkj esjh

Nksjh nkb Z dh rjg n soj t sB dh x`gLFkh [kVrh jgsxhA u ;g dqN dj ik;sxh vkSj u bld s cPpsA**

blh i zdkj rkb Z th fo/kok gksdj d soy viuh n sojkuh d s cPpk sa dks gh ikyrh iks”krh jg x;hA mUg sa

lqjktk th ls i zse Hkh gqvk y sfdu fo/kok gksu s dkj.k yksd&ykt d s Mj ls viuh bPNkvk sa dks ekj fn;k

vkSj viuk lkjk thou lkaojey dk ifjokj laHkkyu s esa U;ksNkoj dj fn;kA tc l qjktk th in ~ekorh

dks vks< +uh vks< +kr s gSa rks vkVr gks tkrh gSaA fo/kok gksu s d s ckn in ~ekorh ges”kk lQsn lkM +h esa jgrh

gSaA in ~ekorh dgrh gSa fd **lqjktk th vkid s dgu s ls p quM +h rk s e Sau s vks< yh y sfdu ekax dSl s Hk: a\

lqjktk th flan wj dk nkx bruh tYnh feV sxk rks ughaA lkc qu ls /kksu ij jxM +&jxM + dj iksNu s ij Hkh

nks pkj fnu rks yykV ij yykb Z jg gh tkrh gS&& tkur s gSa lqjktk th] tc cM +s ckc w dk LoxZokl

gqvk] rc eSa “kh”ks esa viuh lQsn xaxk n s[kk djrhA vkSj /khj s&/khj s ekax ls jxM + dj fgaxy w dk nkx

feVkrh jgrh&&& eSA ml le; cgqr jksrh FkhA**

L=h dks fo/kok gk su s d s ckn viu s lkj s “kk Sd] Jaxkj dks R;kx n suk IkM +rk gSA in ~ekorh Hkh viuh bPNkvk sa

dks ekjdj fo/kok dh rjg thou thrh gSA

Mlh i zdkj j sok ckb Z Hkh fo/kok dk thou th jgh gksrh gSA tc lksek j sok ls viuk Cykmt n su s dk s

dgrh g SA rks j sok ckb Z dgrh gSa] **HkkHkh] r qe lqgkx.k gks] xaxk th ugkdj esjk Cykmt er igukas eSa cM +h

HkkHkh dk ykdj n s n srh g waA** bl i zkdj fo/kok L=h viuh ghu fLFkfr dks Lohdkj y srh gSA

l aLd`fr%&

ihyh vka/kh esa ekjokM +h ifjokj esa euk;s tku s oky s R;ksgkjk sa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA gksyh] nhokyh]

lko.kh] rht vk[kk rht] tUek"Veh dk R;ksgkj euk;s tkr s] xy s yxr s] /kksad [kkr s] cgq, a cM +h c wf< +;k sa d s

ixk yxrh eu esa fdlh rjg dk ykx vkSj [kksV ugha FkkA blls irk pyrk gS fd mud s n s”k lqtku

x< + es a dkSu&dkSu l s R;ksgkj euk; s tkr s FksA ogka dh vkSjr s ges”kk inkZ fd;k djrh Fkha y sfdu mUgsa ikuh

d s fy, dq, a ij tku s dh btkt +r FkhA mudh vks< +uh ij dkjpksfc, dk dke gksrk] c sy&c wVh yxh gk srh]

j ax&fcj axh vkafx;kas dh ckgk sa esa pkSM + xk sB fdukjk jgrkA lsB th ipj axh ixM +h vkSj yky vpdu

igur sA ?kj dh vkSjr s nksigj d s le; bdV ~Bk gksdj vks< +uh esa rkjk yxkrh vk Sj vks< +uh 'kknh d s fy,

r S;kj djrhA fo/kok vkSjr s lQsn lkM +h igurh FkhA