Page 1 of 18
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 04
April 2019
Available online:https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 1310
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THERMOELECTRIC COOLING
OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH NANOFLUID
N.Muruganantham
ABSTRACT
Modern electronic systems have reached a dimensional complexity and
power density that presents numerous cooling challenges. The current
microprocessor based electronic systems reflect a continued trend toward smaller
and more powerful electronic packages. The liquid cooling with suspended
nanoparticles called nanofluids (a colloidal mixture of nano-particles and a base
fluid) combined with the Peltier effect thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is the idea to
provide significant improvements in cooling performance.
It is desired to develop such a combined system capable of cooling the
electronic devices without endurance restrictions. By combining a nanofluid coolant
with thermoelectric coolers, reliable heat transfer can be provided for the electronic
equipment. The project work on the aforementioned cooling technique is in budding
stage and thus, a thorough understanding of transport properties, heat transfer and
fluid flow characteristics, energy and exergetic analysis and its mechanisms is
essential in designing high heat flux cooling devices, which is the main objective of
this project.
In order fulfill the objectives, initially the thermophysical properties of the
graphene-water nanofluids are experimentally measured.The graphene-water
nanofluid showed an enhancement of 88.62 % in the convective heat transfer
coefficient For the same volume concentration of 0.1 %, the increase in pressure
drop of graphene-water nanofluid.
Page 2 of 18
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 04
April 2019
Available online:https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 1311
INTRODUCTION
Global warming is one of the toughest challenges to the mankind. One of the
main reasons for global warming is the injudicious use of energy resources. The
development of energy efficient thermal systems is one of the solutions to reduce
the global warming. All the efforts put forward to enhance the heat transfer in any
thermal system ultimately effect in the reduction of green house gases. The
operation of any electronic devices at lower temperature extents its service life. The
extension of service life of any device reduces the electronic waste which also saves
the earth. Furthermore, operation at lower temperature decreases the exergy loss
from the thermal system. That means operation at lower temperature is one of the
ways to reduce loss of available energy or exergy from thesystem.
A balanced energy system must possess a unique method of thermal
management. Though there are many well known and most common methods to
cool the thermal systems they are not adequate to cater the present and future
miniaturized devices. This dissertation deals with enhancing the heat transfer
capability of water by the addition of graphene and Al2O3 nanoparticles and their
hybrid in a multiport minichannel heat exchanger coupled with thermoelectric
cooler.
Thermoelectric cooler is a solid statesemi conductor device which works on
Peltier effect presents a cooling technology capable of maintaining the component
surface temperature below ambient conditions without the complication of sensitive
vapour compression refrigeration system. The thermoelectric cooler thus enhances
the heat transfer and keeps the component surface temperature below the stipulated
value. The minichannel heat exchanger enhances the convective heat transfer
coefficient as it provides more surface area for heat transfer when compared to the
conventional heat exchanger with the same volume. The combination of
thermoelectric cooling of electronic devices with nanofluid as working fluid in a
Page 3 of 18
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 04
April 2019
Available online:https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 1312
Basefluid Nanoparticles
multiport minichannel heat exchanger makes the electronic cooling systems more
effective than the traditional liquid heat exchangers and that is the motivation for
this study.
II. PREPARATION OF FLUID
The nanofluids are prepared by the most adapted two step method
throughout in the present work. In this method, the nanoparticles and base fluid are
separately collected and mixed together to get the nanofluid. The preparation of
nanofluid by two step method is exhibited in Fig.1. Mostly, the nanoparticles are in
the form of dry powder and are commercially available. The double distilled water
is free from any contaminants, unsolvable gases etc and is used as the base fluid.
No surfactant is used throughout preparation of the nanofluids. An ultrasonic
homogenizer shown in Fig.2 (UP400S, Hielscher Ultrasound Technology,
Germany) is used to improve the uniformity and stability of the nanomaterials
(disperse phase) in the base fluid. The ultrasonic homogenization is a mechanical
process in which nanomaterials are de-agglomerated so that they are uniformly
small and evenlydispersed.
Nanofluid
Fig.1. Preparation of nanofluid by two step method
