Page 1 of 28
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 05
May 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 468
Finite Element Analysis of Cultivatior Hitch T Joint under
Tensile and Bending Loading
Prakash Mahadu Gore
INTRODUCTION
Welding is a manufacturing process of creating a permanent joint obtained by
the fusion of the surface of the parts to be joined together, with or without the
application of pressure and a filler material. The materials to be joined may be similar
or dissimilar to each other. The heat required for the fusion of the material may be
obtained by burning of gas or by an electric arc. The latter method is more extensively
used because of greater welding speed. Welding is extensively used in fabrication as
an alternative method for casting or forging and as a replacement for bolted and
riveted joints. It is also used as a repair medium e.g. to reunite a metal at a crack or to
build up a small part that has broken off such as a gear tooth or to repair a worn
surface such as a bearing surface.
Welding is the most commonly used process for permanent joining of machine
parts and structures. Welding is a fabrication process which joins materials (metals) or
thermoplastics, by causing union (A. Thirugnanam 2014). In the joining process of
welding application uses heat and/or pressure, with or without the addition of filler
material. Various auxiliary materials, e.g. shielding gases, flux or pastes, may be used to
make the process possible or to make it easier. The energy required for welding is
supplied from outside sources Welding, a metal joining process can be traced back in
history to the ancient times. In the Bronze Age, nearly 2000 years ago, circular boxes
made of gold were welded in lap joint arrangement by applying pressure. Later on in
Page 2 of 28
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 05
May 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 469
the Iron Age, Egyptians started welding pieces of iron together. But welding as we
know nowadays came into existence only in the 19th century. Sir Humphrey Davy
produced an electric arc using two carbon electrodes powered by a battery. This
principle was subsequently applied to weld metals. Resistance welding finally
developed in the year 1885by Elihu Thomson. Acetylene gas was discovered in 1836
by Edmund Davy, but it could not be used in welding application due to lack of a
proper welding torch. When the require welding torch was invented in 1900, oxy- acetylene welding became one of the most popular type of welding mainly due to its
relatively lower cost. However in the 20th century it lost its place to arc welding in
most of the industrial applications. Advance welding techniques like Plasma Arc
Welding, Laser Beam Welding, Electron Beam Welding, Electro-Magnetic Pulse
Welding, Ultrasonic Welding, etc. are now being extensively used in electronic and
high precision industrial applications.
a) Weld Processes:
The welding processes may be broadly classified into the following two groups:
1. Welding processes that use heat alone i.e. Fusion Welding.
2. Welding processes that use a combination of heat and pressure i.e. Forge
Welding.
b) Fusion Welding:
In case of fusion welding the parts to be joined are held in position while the
molten metal is supplied to the joint. The molten metal may come from the parts
themselves i.e. parent metal or filler metal which normally has the same or nearly
similar composition as that of the parent metal. Thus, when the molten metal
solidifies or fuses, the joint is formed. The fusion welding, according to the method of
heat generated, may be classified as: 1. Thermite Welding 2. Gas Welding 3. Electric
Arc Welding
c) Forge Welding: In forge welding, the parts to be joined are first heated to a proper
temperature in a furnace and then hammered. Electric Resistance Welding is an
Page 3 of 28
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 05
May 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 470
example of forge welding. The principle of applying heat and pressure, either
sequentially or simultaneously is widely used in the processes known as Spot, Seam,
Projection, Upset and Flash Welding.
d) Welded joints: The welding joint geometry can be classified primarily into five
types. This is based on the orientation between the material surfaces to be joined.
The various joints are shown in the figure 1 below:
Fig. 1 Types of welded joints
(i) Lap Joint
(ii) Butt Joint
(iii) Corner Joint
(iv) Edge Joint
(v) T-Joint
The main considerations involved in the selection of a particular welded joint
are given below:
1. The shape of the welded component required,
2. The thickness of the plates to be welded, and
3. The direction of the forces to which the finished object will be subjected
toin the actual working conditions.
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
1) The aim of this research project has been to investigate of weld joint for cultivator
hitch T joint. During operation of cultivator various loads such as tensile, bending,
