Page 1 of 5

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 05

May 2019

Available online:https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 786

Effect Of Addition Of Calcium Nitrateon Selected Properties Of Concrete Containing

GGBFS

T. MOORTHI

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PRIST (Deemed to be University), THANJAVUR.

ABSTRACT

This research examined the properties of concrete containing grade 120 slag cement at

replacement levels of 0%, 30%, and 50% and calcium nitrate added into the concrete mixes

atsome percentages. The primary concrete properties studied were compressive strength,

splittensilestrength. Material variations included four sources of ordinary Portland cement

andtwo types of coarse aggregate. Strength properties were studied at room temperature and

40°Fmix and curing conditions.

INTRODUCTION

Slag cement is a cementitious replacement

material that has been used in United States

concrete design since the early 1900s (Slag

Cement Association, 2002). Slag cement is a

byproduct of the iron-making process and is

composed primarily of silica and calcium. In

fine particle form, slag cement displays

cementetious qualities similar to those of

ordinaryportland cement (OPC). Slag

cement can therefore be substituted for OPC

in a wide range ofequal mass replacement

ratios. Because the root blast-furnace slag

material would otherwisebe discarded after

separation from molten iron, the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agencyhas

designated slag cement as a ―recovered

material.

Agencies are required by

ExecutiveOrder 13101 to use high levels of

recovered materials whenever possible

(United StatesEnvironmental Protection...,

1998). Therefore, there is incentive to use

slag cement in thestate of Wisconsin.

Because the stoichiometry of 6ortland

cement hydration varies withdifferent

additives and field conditions, replacement

of 6ortland cement with slag cementcannot

be presumed to yield equivalent concrete.

Page 2 of 5

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 05

May 2019

Available online:https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 787

This research was directed at examining the

performance slag cement with

materialscommonly used in Wisconsin

paving projects. This project was a

continuation of an in-depth study of slag

cement concrete for highway pavement

applications in the state of Wisconsin. A

previous phase examined the performance

grade 100 slag cement concrete. The

objective of the current research project was

to quantify the strength development.

MATERIALS:

Materials were selected based on their

pertinence to Wisconsin concrete paving

operations.All materials were used as

provided by the manufacturer except for the

coarse and fineaggregates. Aggregates were

oven-dried for a minimum of 24 hours and

allowed to cool toambient temperature

before use. This additional step was taken to

gain maximum controlover the aggregate

water content. During mix design, the

amount of water needed to achievea w/cm

ratio of 0.45 was adjusted by the amount of

water absorbed by theaggregates. Due tothe

comparative nature of the project, the

perceived minor impact of these variations

on theobjectives of the research, and project

scheduling and time constraints, the coarse

aggregatewas not re-ordered from the

supplier.

Mix Design and Specimen Preparation

All mix proportions were based on

Wisconsin Department of Transportation

Grade A andGrade A-S mix designs (2005).

The proportions for each mix design. All

concrete mixes wereprepared with a w/cm

ratio of 0.45 and a plastic air content of 6%

± 0.5%. The concretemixing was conducted

by two researchers using a 6-ft3 drum mixer

using the procedure specified in ASTM

C192.

A vinsol resin air-entraining agent from one

manufacturer and one shipment was used for

allmixing. Plastic air content was measured

according to ASTM C231. The coarse

aggregate aircorrection factors were 0.7%

and 0.6% for limestone and igneous

aggregates, respectively.When the

prescribed air content was not achieved, the

mix was discarded and performedagain on a

different date. All specimens were

consolidated using a heavy-duty vibration

table.

Page 3 of 5

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 07 Issue 05

May 2019

Available online:https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 788

METHODOLOGY

The methodology involves step by step

process of conducting the project. The first

step is tomake material collection i.e.,

cement, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates.

Then determiningthe properties of the

materials like specific gravity, water

absorption, fineness. Then design ofmix

proportion based on M4o using the code IS- 10262:2009. The test performed

arecompression test, split tensile test,

flexural test. The fiber percentages are

added to concreteare 0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%,

1.0%, 1.5%, both the fibers i.e.,GGBS and

nitrates are added in equalproportion for

each trail.

DISCUSSION ON RESULTS

The compressive strength of concrete for 28

days, 90 days for 0%, 30%, 40% and 50%

replacement of GGBS and the values are

presented. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace

Slag(GGBS): GGBS is obtained by

quenching molten iron slag (a by-product of

iron and steelmaking) from a blast furnace

in water or steam, to produce a glassy,

granular product that isthen dried and

ground into a fine powder. GGBS is used to

make durable concrete structuresin

combination with ordinary port land cement

and/or other pozzolanic materials. GGBS

hasbeen widely used in Europe, and

increasingly in the United States and in Asia

(particularly inJapan and Singapore) for its

superiority in concrete durability, extending

the lifespan ofbuildings from fifty years to a

hundred years. Use of GGBS significantly

reduces the risk ofdamages caused by alkali- silica reaction, higher resistance to chloride,

and provides higherresistance to attacks by

sulfate and other chemicals. GGBS is

procured from vizag steel plant (VSP). The

fineness modulus of GGBS using blaine‘s

fineness is 320 m2 /kg and other properties

of GGBS.

The increase in cube compressive strength

of plain concrete from 28 to 180 days is

observed 16 percent whereas the increase in

cube compressive strength of 20, 40 and 60

percent cement replacement with GGBFS is

observed 32, 50 and 32 percent respectively

for Mix-I. Similarly, for Mix-II the increase

in compressive strength of plain concrete is

observed as 20 percent and compressive

strength of 20, 40 and 60 percent

replacement is 26, 39 and 33 percent