Page 1 of 7
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 05
May 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 929
Experimental Investigation on Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA)
& GGBS in Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement
Anantha Mariavalan .S, PG Student
Dept. of Civil Engineering
PRIST University
Thanjavur-403, India
ananthamariavalans@gmail.com
Abstract — Today researches all over the world are focusing on
ways of utilizing either industrial or agricultural wastes as a
source of raw materials for the construction industry. These
wastes utilization would not only be economical, but may also
help to create a sustainable and pollution free environment.
In this study GGBS used to cast cement free mortar as binder
with activators and compared to controlled specimen with OPC.
Fine aggregate is replaced by steel slag fine aggregate in order to
overcome material shortage and effective use of waste material
from steel industry.
Sugar-cane bagasse is one such fibrous waste-product of the
sugar refining industry, along with than olvapor. Bagasse ash
mainly contains aluminum ion and silica Using of sugarcane
bagasse ash in concrete is an interesting possibility for economy
and conservation of natural resources In this study, untreated
bagasse ash has been partially replaced in the ratio of 0%,10%,
20%,30% by volume of fine aggregate in concrete.
This study deals with compressive strength, split tensile
strength and flexural strength of concrete incorporated with
sugarcane bagasse ash. This study also aims to determine the
optimum amount of bagasse ash which can give the maximum
strength
Index Terms—GGBS, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA),
Concrete
I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a composite construction material made
primarily with aggregate, cement, and water, admixture. There
are many formulations of concrete, which provide varied
properties, and concrete is the most used man-made product in
the world. Concrete is widely used for making architectural
structures, foundations, brick/block walls, pavements,
bridges/overpasses, motorways/roads, runways, parking
structures, dams, pools/reservoirs, pipes, footings for gates,
fences and poles and even boats. Famous concrete structures
include the Burj Khalifa (world's tallest building), Hoover
Dam, the Panama Canal and the Roman Pantheon. Concrete
can be formulated with high compressive strength, but always
has lower tensile strength.
For this reason it is usually reinforced with materials that
are strong in tension (often steel). Concrete can be damaged by
many processes, such as the freezing of trapped water.
"Mineral admixtures" are becoming more popular in recent
decades.
Concrete = filler + binder
According to the type of binder used, there are many
different kinds of concrete, For instance, Portland cement
concrete, asphalt concrete, and epoxy concrete. In concrete
construction, the Portland cement concrete is utilized the most
thus in our course, the term concrete usually refers to Portland
cement concrete, the composition can be presented as follows.
II. PROPER USE OF WASTE MATERIAL
Large quantities of waste materials and by-products are
generated from manufacturing processes, service industries and
municipal solid wastes, etc. As a result, solid waste
management has become one of the major environmental
concerns in the world. With the increasing awareness about the
environment, scarcity of land-fill space and due to its ever
increasing cost, waste materials and by-products utilization has
become an attractive alternative to disposal. Bagasse is a
cellulose fiber remaining after the extraction of the sugar- bearing juice from sugarcane. Biomass is an important source
of energy in tropical countries like India
The proper use of waste materials fundamentally affects
our economy and environment. Over a period of time waste
management has become one of the most complex and
challenging problems in India affecting the environment. The
rapid growth of industrialization gave birth to numerous kinds
of waste by products which are environmentally hazard and
create problems of storage. The construction industry has
always been at fore front in consuming these waste products.
The slag in concrete not only helps in reducing greenhouse
gases but also helps in making environmentally friendly
material.
Page 2 of 7
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 05
May 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 930
The demand of natural sand is quite high in the developing
countries due to the rapid infrastructural growth. In this
situation developing country like India is facing shortage of
good quality natural sand. In India natural sand deposits are
being depleted and causing serious threat to environment as
well as the society.
Increasing extraction of natural sand from river beds causes
many problems such as loosing water retaining sand strata,
deepening of the river courses and causing bank slides, loss of
vegetation on the bank of rivers, exposing the intake well of
water supply schemes, disturbance to the aquatic life and
affecting agriculture due to lowering of underground water
table. In the past decade variable cost of natural sand used as
fine aggregate in concrete has increased the cost of
construction many folds. In this situation research began for
inexpensive and easily available alternative material to natural
sand
Some alternative materials have already been used as a part
of natural sand, flyash, slag, limestone and siliceous stone
powder were used in concrete mixtures as a partial replacement
of natural sand. However, scarcity in require Quality is the
major limitation in some of the above materials. Now a day’s
sustainable infrastructural growth demands the alternative
material that should satisfy technical requisites of fine
aggregate and at the same time it should be available
abundantly.
High consumption of natural sources, high amount
production of industrial wastes and environmental pollution
require obtaining new solutions for a sustainable development.
Ordinary Portland cement is recognized as a major
construction material throughout the world. Significant
research has been going-on in various parts of the world on the
subject. Some waste materials and by-products have
established their credentials in their usage in cement-based
materials and for others research is in progress for exploring
the potential applications.
Bagasse ash is one of the biomass sources and valuable by- products in sugar milling that often uses bagasse as a primary
fuel source to supply all the needs of energy to move the plants
This waste, utilization would not only be economical, but may
also result in foreign exchange earnings and environmental
pollution control. Industrial wastes, such as fly ash and silica
fume are being used as supplementary cement replacement
materials.
Currently, there has been an attempt to utilize the large
amount of bagasse ash and ground granulated blast furnace
slag. Burning bagasse as an energy source yields its ash,
considered as a waste causing disposal problems. Several
studies have investigated bagasse ash potential applications
such as producing silica gel as adsorbent, raw material for
ceramic, cements and concrete additives, catalyst, cosmetics,
paint and coating, etc based on its characteristics.
The silica content of bagasse and its ash are varied
depending on the type of soil and harvesting The amount of ash
(fly and bottom) that will be produced in this harvest is
approximately Metric ton (1000 kg cane → 250 kg bagasse →
6 kg ash). For the functioning of the sugar/alcohol industry,
sugarcane is ground and the resulting soup is used to extract
sugar or used in a fermentation process to produce alcohol.
Currently, sugarcane bagasse is burned in a boiler to produce
steam which is utilized in the factory’s processes and also to
power turbines for the production of electrical energy. The
combustion yields ashes (bottom and fly ashes) containing high
amounts of charcoal (~30 % by weight) and silica as major
component. The objectives of this work were the unit cost of
concrete can be reduced by partial replacement of cement with
GGBS and SCBA. Concrete making with conventional
material is becoming costlier day by day. More over concrete
suffers little resistance to cracking. These problems may
overcome by inclusion of GGBS and SCBA in concrete.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
G. Nithin Kumar Reddy did experiments on partial
Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Sugarcane Bagasse
Ash and its Behaviour in Aggressive Environments, The
researches has shown that every one ton of cement
manufacture releases half ton of carbon dioxide, so there is an
immediate need to control the usage of cement. On the hand
materials wastes such as Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash is difficult to
dispose which in return is environmental Hazard. The Bagasse
ash imparts high early strength to concrete and also reduce the
permeability of concrete. The Silica present in the Bagasse ash
reacts with components of cement during hydration and
imparts additional properties such as chloride resistance,
corrosion resistance etc. Therefore the use of Bagasse ash in
concrete not only reduces the environmental pollution but also
enhances the properties of concrete and also reduces the cost.
This project mainly deals with the replacement of cement with
Bagasse ash in fixed proportions and analysing the effect of
magnesium sulphate on SCBA blended concrete. The concrete
mix designed by varying the proportions of Bagasse ash for
0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% the cubes are been casted and
cured in normal water and 5% magnesium sulphate solution for
ages of 7, 28 and 60 days, the properties like slump cone test
and compaction factor test for fresh concrete and compressive
strength for hardened concrete are verified and results are
analysed.
Shetty Ashish Vishwanath did experimental Investigation
of Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Glass Powder as partial
replacement of Cement in Concrete Agricultural and industrial
by-products are commonly used in concrete production as
cement replacement material as mineral admixtures to enhance
both fresh and hardened properties of concrete as well as to
save the environment from the negative effects caused by their
Page 3 of 7
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 05
May 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 931
disposal. Utilization of these waste products in the industry has
been the focus of Research for economic, environmental, and
technical reasons.
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) and glass powder is one of
the promising material, with its potential proved to be used as a
partial replacement of cement as well as mineral admixtures for
producing concrete; properties of such concrete depend on the
chemical composition, fineness, specific surface area of SCBA
and glass powder. This report aims to study the present
Scenario of Sugarcane and SCBA production all over the world
and in India to understand the potential of SCBA and its use in
cementitious system.
The present study deals with effect of use of as received
SCBA and burnt and ground SCBA as cement replacement
material on properties of cement and cement mortar. Therefore,
this study attempts to make use of the bagasse ash produced in
India mainly in state of Maharashtra as a pozzolanic material to
replace cement. Chemical and physical composition of SCBA
is found out. An experimental investigation was carried out to
examine the impact of replacing cement by bagasse ash and
glass powder to the mechanical and physical properties of
pastes and mortars, fresh and harden concrete such as
consistency, setting time and workability, compressive
strength. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and waste glass powder used
by replacing OPC at 5%, 10% 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. It’s
found that the strength increases with addition of Sugarcane
Bagasse Ash and waste glass powder at 5%, 10% 15% and
20% after that declines at 25% and 30%
Indumathi did an Experimental Investigation On Properties
Of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete With Ggbs & Fly Ash ,.
In this project, to study the mechanical properties of hybrid
fiber reinforced concrete with fly ash and ground granulated
blast furnace slag. The Additions of more than one fiber in
concrete is known as hybrid fiber. In this project, steel and
polypropylene fibers are used as hybrid fiber in concrete. The
steel fibers (75%) and polypropylene fibers (25%) are used in
different proportions of 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% by weight of
cement and partial replacement of fly ash and GGBS varied up
to 30% by weight of cement. To study the compression
strength test for cubes, split tensile strength test for cylinders
and flexural strength test for beam. Then, to find the optimum
percentage hybrid fiber with pozzolanic materials (fly ash and
GGBS) in concrete. Then, finally compare the results with
conventional concrete.
Experimental Study on Sand Replacement with Bagasse
Ash & Crusher Stone Dust in Concrete Pavement This paper
presents the findings on the strength and cost effects of using
sugarcane bagasse ash and crusher dust blended in the concrete
as sand replacement in pavement construction. Literature
survey in line with this project shows a high potential for
partial replacement of sand in concrete with bagasse ash and
crusher stone dust which give the better results when these two
materials are mixed up in the partial replacement of sand which
gives a good cement concrete pavement for constructing a
better strength pavement. In this project an attempt has been
made, the concrete with the partial replacement of bagasse ash
to the natural sand in concrete at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and
25%. An optimum value is taken into consideration and to
these optimum value 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% values of
crusher stone dust is added and theresults are analyzed based
upon the strength values occurred. Using the flexural strength
values, pavement thickness is evaluated as per IRC: 58-2011, it
is observed that there is a reduction in the pavement thickness
when compared to conventional concrete
D. Suresh did a review on use of Ground Granulated Blast
Slag (GGBS) In Concrete – A Review Concrete is a mixture of
cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Concrete
plays a vital role in the development of infrastructure Viz.,
buildings, industrial structures, bridges and highways etc.
leading to utilization of large quantity of concrete. On the other
side, cost of concrete is attributed to the cost of its ingredients
which is scarce and expensive, this leading to usage of
economically alternative materials in its production. This
requirement is drawn the attention of investigators to explore
new replacements of ingredients of concrete.
The present technical report focuses on investigating
characteristics of concrete with partial replacement of cement
with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS). The topic
deals with the usage of GGBS and advantages as well as
disadvantages in using it in concrete. This usage of GGBS
serves as replacement to already depleting conventional
building materials and the recent years and also as being a by
product it serves as an Eco Friendly way of utilizing the
product without dumping it on ground
S.Ishwarya did an experimental behaviour of concrete by
partial replacement of cement and sand using sugarcane
bagasse ash and crusher sand, Utilization of industrial and
agricultural waste products as cement replacement materials in
concrete technology has been an interesting subject of research
for economical, environmental, and technical reasons. Findings
-In the present study, cement was replaced with sugarcane
bagasse ash using fine aggregate as crusher sand. The
experimental studies on sugarcane ash concrete with crusher
sand mixes with 10%, 20% and 30 % were studied to find the
optimum mix composition in M25 grade concrete. Strength
properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength
and flexural strength were evaluated.
From the test results it is found that sugarcane bagasse ash
with 30% satisfied the requirements. Compressive strength,
split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete mixtures
with 10%, 20% and 30% of sugarcane bagasse ash as cement
replacement was lower than the reference concrete mixes at all
ages and that the strength of all mixtures continued to increase
with the age.
