Page 1 of 6
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 05
May 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 971
Utilization of Agro Industrial Waste Product
Sugarcane Bagsse Ash in Concrete
Alaguraja .P, PG Student
Dept. of Civil Engineering
PRIST University
Thanjavur-403, India
rajabeme85@gmail.com
Abstract — Researches all over the world are focusing on ways
of utilizing either industrial or agricultural wastes as a source of
raw materials for the construction industry. These wastes
utilization would not only be economical, but may also help to
create a sustainable and pollution free environment.
Sugar-cane bagasse is one such fibrous waste-product of the
sugar refining industry, along with ethanol vapor. Bagasse ash
mainly contains aluminum ion and silica. Using of sugarcane
bagasse ash in concrete is an interesting possibility for economy
and conservation of natural resources In this study, untreated
bagasse ash has been partially replaced in the ratio of 0%, 10%,
20%, 30% 40% by volume of fine aggregate in concrete.
This study deals with compressive strength, split tensile
strength and flexural strength of concrete incorporated with
sugarcane bagasse ash. This study also aims to determine the
optimum amount of bagasse ash which can give the maximum
strength.
Index Terms—Agro waste, Groundnut shell ash, Eggshell,
I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is one if the major construction materials are
being used worldwide. Aggregate, besides cement and water
forms one of the main constituent materials of concrete since it
occupies nearly 55%-80% of concrete volume. The aggregate
types utilized are either coarse aggregates (with particle size
more than 4.75 mm) or fine aggregates (with particle size less
than 4.75 mm).
Aggregates which are used in concrete are obtained either
from natural by crushing large size rocks. Coarse aggregates
are bound with cement paste during the hydration process to
form cement concrete whereas fine aggregates are utilized to
fill the gaps between the coarse aggregate particles. The rapid
increase in the natural aggregates consumption every year due
to the increase in the construction industry worldwide means
that the aggregate reserves are being depleted rapidly,
particularly in some desert regions such as Arabian Gulf
Region.
It has been reported that, without proper alternative
aggregates being utilized in the near future, the concrete
industry globally will consume 8-12 billion tons annually of
natural aggregates after the year 2010. Such large consumption
of natural aggregates will cause destruction of the environment.
Therefore there is an urgent need to find and supply alternative
substitutes for natural aggregates by exploring the possibility of
utilization of industrial by-products and waste materials in
making concrete. This will lead to sustainable concrete design
and greener environments
In order to achieve high strength with good mechanical
properties and durability, fly ash or/ and silica fume that are
considered as waste materials are used as one of the main
ingredients, A review of the recent research showed that it is
possible to utilize industrial by-products as well as other waste
materials in the production of normal concrete and high
strength concrete when used as partial and/or full replacement
of cement or/ and aggregates or as admixtures. Also it has been
demonstrated that many of the produced concrete (either
normal or HSC) made with wastes and by-products possesses
superior properties compared with the concrete in terms of
strength, performance and durability
II. USE OF WASTE MATERIAL AS CONCRETE INGREDIENT
he proper use of waste materials fundamentally affects our
economy and environment. Over a period of time waste
management has become one of the most complex and
challenging problems in India affecting the environment. The
rapid growth of industrialization gave birth to numerous kinds
of waste by products which are environmentally hazard and
create problems of storage. The construction industry has
always been at fore front in consuming these waste products.
The slag in concrete not only helps in reducing green house
gases but also helps in making environmentally friendly
material.
The demand of natural sand is quite high in the developing
countries due to the rapid infrastructural growth. In this
situation developing country like India is facing shortage of
Page 2 of 6
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 05
May 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 972
good quality natural sand. In India natural sand deposits are
being depleted and causing serious threat to environment as
well as the society.
Increasing extraction of natural sand from river beds causes
many problems such as loosing water retaining sand strata,
deepening of the river courses and causing bank slides, loss of
vegetation on the bank of rivers, exposing the intake well of
water supply schemes, disturbance to the aquatic life and
affecting agriculture due to lowering of underground water
table. In the past decade variable cost of natural sand used as
fine aggregate in concrete has increased the cost of
construction many folds.In this situation research began for
inexpensive and easily available alternative material to natural
sand.
Some alternative materials have already been used as a part
of natural sand, flyash, slag, limestone and siliceous stone
powder were used in concrete mixtures as a partial replacement
of natural sand. However, scarcity in require Quality is the
major limitation in some of the above materials. Now a day’s
sustainable infrastructural growth demands the alternative
material that should satisfy technical requisites of fine
aggregate and at the same time it should be available
abundantly
III. PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
A. Strength
Strength is defined as the resistance of the hardened
concrete to rupture under different loadings and is accordingly
designated in like tensile strength, compressive strength,
flexural strength, etc. A good quality concrete in hardened state
must possess the desired crushing strength.
B. Durability
Durability is defined as the period of time up to which concrete
in hardened state withstands the weathering effects
satisfactorily. This property is mainly affected by water cement
ratio. A good quality concrete in hardened state must be
durable.
C. Impermeability
The impermeability of hardened concrete may be defined as
the property to resist entry & water. This property is achieved
by using extra quantity of cement in concrete mix. A concrete
in hardened state must be impermeable.
D. Elasticity
Though hardened concrete is a brittle material, it is desired that
it possess adequate elasticity
E. Shrinkage
A hardened concrete should experience least shrinkage. This
property is guided by water cement ratio. Shrinkage is less if
w/c ratio is less.
IV. UTILIZATION AGRO WASTE IN CONCRETE
A. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
Sugarcane is one of the major crops grown in over 110
countries and its total production is over 1500 million tons. In
India only, sugarcane production is over 300 million tons/year
that cause about 10 million tons of sugarcane bagasse ash as an
unutilized and waste material. After the extraction of all
economical sugar from sugarcane, about 40 - 45% fibrous
residue is obtained, which is reused in the same industry as fuel
in boilers for heat generation leaving behind 8 -10 % ash as
waste, known as sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBAList of
materials used.
The SCBA contains high amounts of un-burnt matter,
silicon, aluminium and calcium oxides. But the ashes obtained
directly from the mill are not reactive because of these are
burnt under uncontrolled conditions and at very high
temperatures. The ash, therefore, becomes an industrial waste
and poses disposal problems.
V. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
The aim of experimental investigation is to predict the
sample preparation and testing the concrete specimen using the
universal testing machine
A. Sample Preparation:
1) Batching
The measurement of materials for making concrete is
known batching. The different types of batching are:
1. Volume batching
2. Weight batching
Strictly speaking weight batching is the method of
measuring the materials. Use of weight batching facilitates
accuracy, flexibility and simplicity. So in this profile we have
done weight batching.
2) Mixing
Through mixing of the material is essential for production
of uniform concrete. The mixing should ensure that the mass
becomes homogenous, uniform in colour and consistency.
There are 2 methods for mixing
1. Hand mixing
2. Machine mixing
Since the amount of concrete is less and for thorough
mixing we have chosen hand mixing
3) Casting
The concrete mixtures with different proportions of blast
furnace slag were prepared at constant workability. The
Page 3 of 6
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 05
May 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 973
prepared concrete mix is felled into the already lubricated
mould it is felled in 3 layers by compacting with tamping rod
25 blows finally excess concrete is put on the top of the cube
mould and sliced over at top.
4) Curing
The specimens were demoulded after 24 hours. Curing of
concrete is done to determine the strength by the hydration of
cement particle.
Types of curing are
1. Water curing
2. Membrane curing
3. Application of heat
In the above three types we have used water curing the
specimen are cured in water and then tested at room
temperature at the required age.
The primary consolidation settlement is estimated for the
given surcharge and soil condition asnce is given to this case.
The complete theortical and numerical analysis was conducted
for this chainage.
B. Testing on Fresh Concrete
After curing, the following tests were carried out on the
concrete specimens 3,7, 14 and 28 days cube (150 mm x 150
mm x 150 mm) compressive strength test was conducted in
accordance with BS 1881: part 116 using a loading rate of 1.5
KN/s. 3,7,14 and 28 day cylinder (150 mm dia and 300 mm
length) splitting tensile strength test was done in accordance
with STM C496-96 using a loading raye of 1.5 kN../s
All strength tests were conducted using a universal
compression testing machine
1) Test on Fresh Concrete
Testing in fresh concrete is important in concrete
construction. The test concerned with fresh concrete are to
check the workability of concrete.
The following tests are commonly employed to measure
workability of concrete
• Slump test
• Compaction test
• Flow test
• Kelly ball test
• Vee bee consistometer
TABLE I. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH N/MM2
% of
replacement
Age of
curing
(days)
Average
crushing
load
(N)
Compressive
strength
(N/mm2)
0%
14 238.3 11.4
28 423.1 22.8
10% SCBA
14 214.2 12.5
28 380.3 26.2
20% SCBA
14 200.9 13.6
28 337.4 25.6
30% SCBA
14 115.2 10.2
28 243.7 23.1
40% SCBA
14 64.3 9.1
28 109.8 17.3
C. Test on Harden Concrete
Testing of harden concrete is important in concrete
construction. The test on hardened concrete is to find the
strength, creep effects, durability etc . the following tests are
conducted,
1. Compressive strength
2. Split tensile strength
3. Flexural strength
1) Determination of compressive strength
Compression test is the most common test conducted on
hardened concrete. It is one of the, most important properties of
concrete, in most structural applications , concrete is used
primarily to resist compressive stress. In those cases where
strength in tension or in shear is of primary importance, the
compressive strength is frequently used as a measure of these
properties. It is also used as a qualitative measure for other
properties of hardened concrete. In practical the compressive
strength increases as specimen size decreases
At least 3 cubes of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm were
casted for each age usually 7, 14 and 28 days. The specimen
were kept in moisture for one day and then subjected to water
curing for the rest of the days, specimens were tested in
saturated condition. After curing the specimens were tested for
compressive strength using a calibrated compression testing
machine of 200 KN capacity.
