Page 1 of 8

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 06 Issue 12

December 2018

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 283

Ekksgunkl uSfe’kjk; ds miU;kl ^ohjkaxuk >ydjh ckbZ* esa L=h&foe'kZ

'kks/kkFkhZ] vUuq] ih,p-Mh-] fgUnh foHkkx] e-n- fo'ofo|ky;] jksgrdA

Hk wfedk

foe'kZ 'kCn dh mRifr ^e`'k* /kkrq esa ^fo* milxZ yxkus vkSj ?k ́~ izR;; yxkus ls

gqbZ gSA 1⁄4fo@e`'k$?k ́~1⁄2 ftldk vFkZ gS& fordZ] fopkjuk] rF;kuqal/kku] fdlh rF; dk

vuqla/kku] foospuk] vkykspuk] ;qfDr }kjk ijh{kk djuk] vlarks"k] v/kS;Z] v/khjrkA1 MkW- jkepUnz frokjh us foe'kZ ds ckjs esa dgk gS& ^^bfUnz;ksa ds }kjk fdlh pht ;k ckr dk

vuqHko ;k Kku gksus ij eu esa cuus okyk mldk fp= ;k :iA ijUrq izLrqr izlax esa

bldk nwljk vFkZ gksrk gS& fdlh Hkkoh dk;Z ;k fo"k; ds laca/k esa rdZ&fordZ vkSj euu ds

QyLo:i cuus okyk og dfYir fp= ;k :i tks gekjs ekul {ks= esa izLrqr gksrk gSA**2

foe'kZ okLro esa oLrqvksa] rF;ksa] ?kVukvksa] dks ns[kus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA og mud s

Li"Vr;k] fu"d"kZ :i esa dksbZ fu.kZ; ugha ns ldrk gSA ^^foe'kZ dks vius ewy vkSj foÑr

nksuksa :iksa esa phtksa dks fLFkfr dks ns[kus ij[kus dh ,d n`f"V Hkj gksuh pkfg,A**3 okLro esa

foe'kZ ;kuh okn&fookn] laoknA ;kuh fdlh Hkh leL;k ;k fLFkfr dks ,d dks.k ls u

ns[kdj fHkUu ekufldrkvksa] n`f"V;ksa] laLdkjksa] vkSj oSpkfjd izfrc/nrkvksa dk lekgkj djrs

gq, mYkV iqyV dj ns[kuk] mls lexzrk esa le>us dh dksf'k'k djuk vkSj fQj ekuoh;

lanHkksZa esa fu"d"kZ izkfIr dh ps"Vk djukA vycÙkk iz;kl ;gh jgs fd fu"d"kZ vafre fu.kZ;

dh rjg Fkksi s u tk,a] oju mUgsa xzks djus ds fy, Hkjiwj Lisl vkSj le; fn;k tkrk jgsA**4

Page 2 of 8

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 06 Issue 12

December 2018

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 284

vr% foe'kZ ls gekjk vfHkizk; fdlh Hkh ?kVuk ;k rF; dks tk¡puk ij[kukA foe'kZ esa ge

ledkyhu ekuin.Mksa ds izfr rVLFk gksdj mlds ewy mn~ns';ksa dks Li"V vkSj fo'ysf"kr

djrs gq, mldh i`"BHkwfe ds ckjs esa Hkh ,d fo'ks"k n`f"V ls ugha cfYd vusd n`f"V;ksa ls tks

izLrqfr nsrs gSa] mldk uke foe'kZ gSA

foe'kZ ds lkFk tc L=h 'kCn dks tksM+k tkrk gS rks L=h foe'kZ curk gSA l=h foe'kZ

dk tUe rc gqvk tc fyax ds vk/kkj ij lekt esa vlekurk iSnk gks xbZA L=h foe'kZ esa

L=h lekt dh fLFkfr] mldh leL;k,¡] mlds vf/kdkjksa dk] mlds la?k"kZ vkfn ij fopkj

fd;k tkrk gS ^^L=h foe'kZ dk vFkZ L=h eqfDr dk vkg~oku gh ugha gS] vius vkSj nqljksa dh

uke dks cpkdj pyrs lg&vfLrRoijd lekt dh ljapuk dk ekuoh; LoIu gSA tkfgj

gS] ,sls lekt esa fyaxxr Hksn vkSj eqfDr ds eqn~nsa mBsxsa gh ughaA ogk¡ eqn~ns gksxs a] Hkfo"; dh

j{kk] vkSj ifj"dkj ds tks i;kZoj.k lao/kZu] vkradokn dh lekfIr] lkEiznkf;d ln~Hkko

ljh[ks ldkjkRed iz;kstuksa ls ycjst gksxsaA**5

^^L=h foe'kZ dk vFkZ] L=h ds }kjk rFkk L=h ds fo"k; esa vU;ksa ds }kjk

lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd iwokZxzgksa] vkxzgksa] ;kstukvksa] dk;ZØeksa vkfn dh O;k[;k] foospu]

fo'ys"k.k esa lfØ; er erkarjksa dk leqPp; gSA bu er&erkarjksa ls lger ls ysdj

?ku?kksj vlger rd dh Jsf.k;k¡ ,d lkFk ekStwn gks ldrh gSaA**6

L=h dh fuMjrk dh Nfo dks iq"V djrk miU;kl gS& ^^ohjkaxuk >ydkjh ckbZ**

eksgunkl th us bl miU;kl dk le; 1857 ds vkl&ikl dk ekuk gSA L=h dh

lkekftd fLFkfr pwafd 1857 ds vkl&ikl dk le; Fkk rks fLFkfr esa lq/kkj u ds cjkcj

FkkA ^^os vius gh ?kj esa nqljs ntsZ dh ukxfjd FkhA ?kj &?kj esa vufxur nsork FksA

Page 3 of 8

European Journal of Business &

Social Sciences

Available at https://ejbss.org/

ISSN: 2235-767X

Volume 06 Issue 12

December 2018

Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 285

ftuds Hkksx dh lk/ku Fkh osA fojkV laLÑfr esa lcls uhps ds ik;nku ij Fkh vkSjrsaA**7

^^rRdkyhu Hkkjrh; lekt fookg dh mez dks ojh;rk nsrk FkkA dksbZ fookg ;ksX; gS ;k

ugha] mlds izfr yksxksa ds chp u fpUrk Fkh vkSj u oSlh le>A lkekftd ljksdkj cl

bruk Hkj gksrk Fkk fd yM+ds ;k yM+dh dk fookg gks tk,A vf/kdka'k fookg cpiu esa gks

tkrs FksA dqN fookg rks tUe ls igys gh gks tkrs FksA xHkZ esa iy jgs cPps ds fookg dk

gksuk rks vke ckr FkhA fookg ,d lkekftd jLe FkhA ij ,slh jLe fo'ks"k rkSj ls

yM+fd;ksa dks dPph mez esa vkx esa >kSadus dk dke gh vf/kd djrh gSA oSls lekt esa

tkx`fr vk jgh Fkh] ij tkx`fr dh gok eUn&eUn cg jgh FkhA**8

>ydkjh ckbZ ds O;fDrRo dh lajpuk gh mlds fuMj gksus dk lcwr gSA ^^jax FkkSM+k

lk¡oyk Fkk] vka[kksa esa <sj lkjh ped] fc[kjs cky FksA**9 mldh fuMjrk dk ifjp; rc vkSj

iDdk gks tkrk gS] tc og ck?k dks ekj Mkyrh gSA ^^>ydkjh ckbZ ydM+h dkVrs&dkVrs

Fkd lh xbZA ?kM+h Hkj lqLrkus ds fy, vHkh og tehu ij cSBh gh Fkh utnhd ls >kM+ ls

?kkr yxkdj ck?k us ml ij Nykax yxk nh FkhA ,sls le; esa og tjk Hkh ugha ?kcjkbZA

fctyh dh xfr ls og mBh vkSj gkFk esa idM+h dqYgkM+h mlus vkxs dj nhA vk¡/kh dh rjg

>iVs] ck?k dks mldk xqeku u Fkk vkSj u gh bruh le>A mlus rks vius lkeus f'kdkj

ns[kk FkkA dqYgkM+h og ns[k ugha ik;kA ;gha taxy dk jktk /kks[kk [kk x;kA mls ekywe u

Fkk] mldk ikyk xk¡o dh cgknqj yM+dh ls iM+ ldrk gSA ck?k dk eq¡g [kqyk Fkk] mlds

yEcs vkSj uqdhys nkar >ydkjh dks nckspus ds y, rRij FksA tks lEHko u g qvkA iy Hkj esa

gh dqYgkM+h mlds gyd rd tk igqaph] mldk okj [kkyh x;k Fkk vkSj >ydkjh dk Hkjiwj