Page 1 of 10
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 03
March 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 1093
A Spation-Temporal Analysis of Child Labour in Haryana, 2001-2011
* Devika *
*Extenion Lecturer Geography*
Govt. College Jatauli Haily Mandi, Gurugram
* Ritu *
*Research Scholar*
Department of Geography, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra
Abstract
Child labour has become a globle phenomenon, present day the number of child working
population is increasing day by day in the developing countries. Actually the child working
populations are called as child labour dewhose age ranged from 5 to 14 years. The study is based
on data collected from different secondary sources. The child labour data is collected from
census of India, general economic tables, B-1 and B-2 for 2001 and 2011. To determine the
spatial and temporal variation in the level of child labour in Haryana, 2001 and 2011. The census
found that the child labour has been decreased from 4.77 percent in 2001 to 2.38 percent in 2011.
This paper reveals the causes of child labour as well as present conditions of child labour in
Haryana.
Keywords: Child labour, globle, increase, countries, spatial, temporal, reveals, conditions.
Introduction
Children are the greatest gift to humanity. Childhood is an important and impressionable stage
of human development as it holds the potential for the future development of any society
(Amutan, 2015). In order to understand the phenomena of child labour, it is necessary to define it
first. The term “child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood
Page 2 of 10
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 03
March 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 1094
their potential and their dignity and that is harmful to physical and mental development. It refers
to work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children, and
interferes with their schooling by depriving them of the opportunity to attend school, obliging
them to leave school prematurely, or requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance
with excessively long and heavy work (ILO, 2014). According to the census of India (2001) -
“a child worker is one who works for the major part of the day and under the age of 14 years”. It
is important to realize that ‘child labour’ is different from ‘child work’. The above, the term child
work and child labour enables a distinction has to be drawn between what is dangerous and
intolerable and what is not. The use of these terms is, however, far from neutral indeed, child
work is defined as an activity that does not harm a child’s physical and mental development,
whereas child labour refers to activities considered dangerous to a child’s welfare (Bhukuth,
2008).
ILO suggests the poverty is the greatest single cause behind child labour. While the bulk of the
theoretical literature on child labour and poverty and credit constraints as its main determinants
(Laskar, 2000; Jha and Jha, 2000; Anand, 2009; Canagrajab and Nlielsen, 2001). Another
multiplicity of factors like population growth, displacement of the poor from their lands, social
insecurity, faulty education system, family problem and adult unemployment promotes their
children to work not only for their own survival but also for their family (Nengroo, 2012).
In worldwide child labour are found many organized and unorganized sector. Like in rural area
the child labour are engaged in agriculture and allied sector, livestock, forestry and fisheries
(Burra, 2001; Munene and Ruto, 2010) and in the urban area, children are engaged as domestic
servants, employed in hotels, work shop, service stations, food stalls, construction sites and
pulling rickshaws etc. They are even working in hazardous and unhygienic forms of labour in
manufacturing industries (Amin et. al., 2004; Sharma et. al., 2012).
Around the globe, millions of children are working under conditions that are detrimental to their
education, health and moral development. According to the International Labour Organization
(ILO) there are approximately 218 million children aged 5-17 are involved in child labour
worldwide, out of 126 million children work in hazardous conditions. The highest number of
Page 3 of 10
European Journal of Business &
Social Sciences
Available at https://ejbss.org/
ISSN: 2235-767X
Volume 07 Issue 03
March 2019
Available online: https://ejbss.org/ P a g e | 1095
child labours in the Asia/ pacific region, where there are 122 million working children. The
highest proportion of child labour is in sub Saharan Africa, where 26 percent of children are
involved in work. The problem of child labour is much more in Asia than any other regions of
the world. Among the Asian countries number of child labour is highest in India. Despite
provisions in the constitution of India and law prohibiting child labour, it is still an extensive
reality in the country. In the context of child labour problem, the present study is based on one of
the economically developed state of the country i.e. Haryana.
Objective
The major objective of the present study is:
To determine the spatial and temporal variation in the level of child labour in Haryana,
2001 and 2011.
Database and methodology:
The study is mainly based on secondary sources have obtained from census of India, general
economic tables, B-1 and B-2 for 2001 and 2011. Efforts have also been made to assess rural
and urban variations in child labour. Main and marginal child workers have been studied using
census data of 2001 and 2011. The main workers are those workers who had worked for the
major part of the reference period i.e. 6 months or more. The marginal workers are those workers
who had not worked for the major part of the reference period i.e. less than 6 months (Census of
India, 2001).
Data has been processed with the help of simple statistical technique. Child labour has been
calculated using work participation rate formula as giving below.
Work participation rate as = Total workers
Total population
× 100
