Page 1 of 19
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 04 Issue 06
June 2018
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 142
Geohydrological and Geochemical Studies of Yerraguntla
Mandal, YSR (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh, using
Remote Sensing Techniques
S. Srinivasa Gowd*, V. Sivaprasad Reddy, M. Soujanya Mary and A. Rangaswamy
*Asst. Professor, Dept. of Geology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa – 516005, A.P.
ABSTRACT
Drinking water is an important resource that needs to be protected
from pollution and biological contamination. Water is vital to health, well- being, food security and socioeconomic development of mankind.
Underground water is clean but it depends upon quality and quantity of
minerals dispersed and dissolved in it. Therefore, the presence of
contaminants in natural fresh water continues to be one of the most
important environmental issues in many areas of the world, particularly in
developing countries where several communities are far away from potable
water supply. Low- income communities, which rely on untreated surface
water and groundwater supplies for domestic and agricultural uses are the
most exposed to the impact of poor water quality. The aim of this study is to
conduct an assessment of the ‘Geohydrological and Geochemical Studies of
Yerraguntla Mandal, Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, using Remote
Sensing Techniques’. The proposed study area in the Yerraguntla revenue
mandal of Kadapa Disrict and is shown in the figer 1. The study area falls in
the survey of India Top sheet No:57J/06 & 10. Twenty one samples of
ground water used for drinking purposed were collected from either hand
pumps or open wells at different villages of Yerraguntla mandal of Kadapa
District, during the summer season month of March and April 2014. The pH
Page 2 of 19
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 04 Issue 06
June 2018
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 143
of ground water in the study area is ranging from 2.45 to 8.54. The total
hardness of the groundwater in the study area is ranging from 80 to 880mg/l.
Water hardness is primarly due to the result of interaction between water and
the Geological formation. The calcium concentration of groundwater in the
study area is ranging from 40 to 350 mg/l during the pre-monsoon period.
The chloride concentration of the ground water in the study area ranging
from 127 to 2016.4 mg/l during pre-monsoon period. The bicarbonate
concentration of the groundwater in the study area in ranging from 24.4 to
1146.8 mg/l during the pre-monsoon period. The fluoride concentration of
the groundwater in the study area ranging from 0.44 to 6.18 mg/l during the
pre-monsoon period. Low concentration of fluoride (0.44mg/l) is observed
in kalamalla village and high concentration of floured (6.18mg/l) is observed
peddanapadu village. Proper deflouridation techniques have to follow to
monitor fluoride contamination.
INTRODUCTION
Drinking water is an important resource that needs to be protected
from pollution and biological contamination. Underground water is clean but
it depends upon quality and quantity of materials dispersed and dissolved in
it. Water picks up impurities in during its flow, which are harmful to man
and vegetation. The reason for contamination and pollution of water in the
natural surroundings and in the storage are pesticides, fertilizers, industrial
wastes, inorganic and organic salts from top soil and geological strata
(Nanoti, 2004). The domestic water bodies are being used for cattle
drinking, human bathing, cloths washing and other domestic purposes. The
quality of groundwater is highly related with local environmental and
Page 3 of 19
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning
Available at
http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/
ISSN: 2395-0463
Volume 04 Issue 06
June 2018
Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 144
geological conditions. The quality of soil and rock and the water table
determines the quality of groundwater. Groundwater constitutes an
important source of water for drinking, agriculture and industrial production.
The use of groundwater has increased significantly in the last decades due to
its widespread occurrence and overall good quality. The contribution from
groundwater is vital; because about two billion people depend directly upon
aquifers for drinking water, and 40 percent of the world’s food is produced
by irrigated agriculture that relies largely on groundwater (Morris et al.,
2003). Despite its importance, contamination from natural, human activities,
steady increase in demand for water due to rising population and per capita
use, increasing need for irrigation, changes in climates and overexploitation
etc., among others has affected the use of groundwater as source of drinking
water.
Excess amount of physic-chemical components, cause a certain
ecological and physical problems to human. A chloride present in excess
imports the salty taste to water and people who are not accustomed to high
chlorides are subjected to laxative effect, due to chloride present in excess
amount the salinity of water also increases. Turbidity is a measure of
cloudiness in water, when water is highly turbid, which can clog fish gill,
reduce growth rate and residence of disease
(http://www.indiawaterportal.org/sites/indiawaterportal.org/files/ Know your
water). The presence of nitrate in water has been associated with
methamoglobinemia and also certain disease in animal (Frank and Shannon,
2005). It was harmful for irrigation due to presence of carbonates as it
increased salinity of soil (Tambekar et al, 2008). Dissolved oxygen present
in drinking water was highly fluctuating factor. The physic-chemical
