Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the involvement of non-state security actors in community protection and the human rights concerns associated with their operations. The research was guided by two key questions: (1) Has the role of local vigilante groups significantly contributed to extrajudicial actions in Enugu State from 2015 to 2024? (2) Has the implementation of security measures by the Neighbourhood Watch significantly led to the excessive use of force in Enugu State within the same period? The study adopted the ex-post facto research design, supported by the Noble Cause Corruption Theory, which explains why security actors justify unlawful actions as necessary for public good. This study adopts a mixed method of data collection that includes questionnaires, interviews, academic publications, NGO reports, newspaper documents, and human rights records. Findings revealed that the implementation of security measures by the Neighbourhood Watch significantly led to excessive use of force, largely due to poor training, weak regulatory oversight, and cultural acceptance of instant justice. At the end, the study calls for the government of Enugu State to strengthen the regulation, supervision, and accountability frameworks governing local vigilante groups.