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Abstract
Ensuring environmental sustainability the seventh Millennium Development Goal requires achieving sustainable development patterns and preserving the productive capacity of natural ecosystems for future generations. Both efforts in turn require a variety of policies that reverse environmental damage and improve ecosystem management. The challenge has two dimensions: addressing natural resource scarcity for the world’s poor people and reversing environmental damage resulting from high consumption by rich people. Many environmental problems arise from the production and consumption patterns of non-poor people, particularly in rich countries. Rich countries consume a lot of fossil fuels and deplete many of the world’s fisheries, damaging the global environment. They also use a lot of tropical hardwoods and products from endangered species.