Page 1 of 9

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 11

October 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 113

Family Income Data: A need

JOSE.V.L, Research Scholar (PhD), School of Sociology, Singhania University

Abstract: The limitation of GDP calculation, wherein lacking of income data, the disparity of

people income are not reflected properly in the economical discourses. At a time of transition

period of Nation’s development , which epitomes in the terms of ‘ ‘Make in India’, ‘Smart Cities’

and ‘Skill Development’ that would surely creates more jobs . But most of these employments

are coming as informal and contract basis wherein people earn low wage that would be more

afflicted with widespread poverty and more that as experts sound rising of labour unrest.

Therefore to bringing limelight the facts of the rising inequality in Indians , along with Income

Tax Department, which has tax return’s records there would have a set up of keeping the

records of income or data under CSO . It would be a state intervention that is necessary for

bringing the disadvantaged groups nearer to the advantaged ones, especially in the developing

countries.

Key Words: Wage Inequality, Supreme Court, Organized Sector industries, Minimum Wage

These years, Indian is in the midst of

deliberations on back money and

development issues. The country is fastest

growing and its income supposed to be

increased by the tax revenue .Tax payment

is citizen’s duty to nation. By paying tax,

people can contribute to welfare programs

running by government. But in India, there

is only self assessment policy for income tax

payment. So the assessee can calculate one’s

income tax and pay to government treasury.

According to Press Information (November

3, 2014), roughly 3 percent of the Indian

population pays taxes, while around 51

percent of the populations in United States

are taxes payers. It is clear that tax evasion

has been a reality today in India and actual

quantum of tax payers are much more than

what is reported currently.

In addition to tax avoidance, now and then

the reservation based on caste or economical

backwardness is a matter of debate. Recent

past there were two decisions came from

Page 2 of 9

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 11

October 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 114

courts on reservation issue. Once the

Supreme Court said while taking the

decision to strike down reservations for the

Jat community by inclusion in the central

list of other backward classes, country must

go beyond caste to determine the factor of

family backwardness (Mar 17, 2015).

Secondly, the Bombay high Court stayed the

implementation of a decision of 16 percent

reservation for Maratha people in

employment and education, (Mar 4, 2015).

In both the judgments of courts have been

questioned the basis and framework for

determining backwardness. The courts

made these observations on poverty

indications1

like lack of affordable housing,

high old age poverty, alcohol-related traffic

fatalities, child abuse or labour, low health

care coverage, high unemployment rate,

violent crime rate, low wages etc in the

society rather than empirical data of families

or individuals income, which are not

available clearly from the National Accounts

Statistics. Therefore in a fact, the income

disparities among people of India are not

properly highlighted and disparity of wage

sidelines very often in the planning

discourses.

Wage Inequality

1 Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) of United

Nations Development Programs

In India, the most persistent characteristic

of wage situation is low level of earnings

which comes large majority of workforce.

Over one –fourth of working population

earns less than the modestly defined official

poverty line and less than even minimum

wage. As per World Bank Report 2013 the

people in who earn below 1.25 dollar per

day are 42 percent and 76 percent people

earn only 2 dollar a day. The reason for

wage and earnings variations among the

work force of India, as per studies (India

Labour and Employment Report 2014)

opined, its labour markets are highly

segmented by location, sector, and size of

enterprise on the demand side and on the

supply side skill level, social group, and

gender are the matters of concern.

According to NSSO 2011 - 12 around 51

percent of Indian workers are self-employed

either in farm or informal sectors. Even

then today, self employed workers’ income

data systematically is not available. There

are mostly in rural areas and having extreme

heterogeneous nature. Rests of workforce

33.4 percent are casual labour and only 15.6

percents have salaried employment. Within

casual and salaried workers large segment

belongs to agriculture and informal sectors

have relatively low levels of income (Ibid).

Page 3 of 9

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 11

October 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 115

NSSO 2011 -12 presents the average

earnings of regular-causal workers at price

of 2011 -12 per day from 1983 to 2012. The

projections have presented in the wages

pattern of rural and urban workers of 1983,

1993-94, 2004-05 and 2011-12. It shows Rs.

127, 183, 251, 295 and Rs. 202, 266,348,

445 respectively. In NSSO presentation,

regular workers received an average daily

wage of Rs. 392, which about three times

that of the casual workers at Rs. 134. The

urban- rural differential among regular

workers is higher at 49 percent compared to

23 per among casual workers.

The variations in casual as well as regular

wages are prevailing across the states. In the

case of urban wages are regular due to a

relatively higher share of organized

economic activities. Among casual workers

wage, the lowest states are reported

Chhattisgarh Rs. 87 and Madhya Pradesh

Rs. 107 per day while Kerala Rs. 309 per

day stood out as best paying state. Wage of

regular workers shows much smaller

variations across the states. In rural areas,

daily regular wages varied between the

highs of Rs. 483 in Jharkhand and Rs. 450 in

Uttaranakhand and lows of Rs. 209 in

Karnataka and Rs. 239 in Chhattisgarh . In

urban areas the variations are still smaller,

the lowest being Rs. 322 in Gujarat and

highest Rs. 754 Haryana,(Ibid).

In the case of unorganized sector

regular/salaried and causal workers wage

data are available, shows it would have

larger differences and in private sector wage

comes under less than public sector

organized sector. Unorganized sector would

not have job daily than regular/ salaried and

causal workers of organized sectors. As it

aforesaid wage differentials between regular

and casual workers have been growing,

there is of course, some regular work in the

organized sector, but it seems likely that the

wage differential between organized and

unorganized sector has been growing.

Annual Survey of Industry data for the year

2012 estimates factory sectors - organised

sectors that is defined as enterprises with 10

or more than 10 workers with electricity

and 20 or more than 20 workers without

electricity , the average difference in wage

of workers with that of non workers

employees like clerical, supervisory and

managerial staff in 1990s more less 1.5

percent while it was 3.46 in 2010- 11 .

According to global management

consultancy, Hay Group (The Economics

Times, 2015), since 2008, the pay gap

between lower-level employees and senior