Page 1 of 6

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 11

October 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 380

Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies

through Sustainable Development: A Review

Keshari Nandan Mishra

Associate Professor, Department of History, H. N. B. Government P.G. College, Allahabad,

Uttar Pradesh, India

Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms

everywhere

Giving people in every part of the world

the support they need to lift themselves out

of poverty in all its manifestations is the

very essence of sustainable development.

Goal 1 focuses on ending poverty through

interrelated strategies, including the

promotion of social protection systems,

decent employment and building the

resilience of the poor.

Eradicating all forms of poverty is at the

core of sustainable development. Poverty

encompasses deprivation in many

domains, including income, hunger, poor

health, social exclusion, discrimination and

lack of access to basic services. At the

same time, deprivations in any one of these

domains can in turn exacerbate the depth

or duration of deprivations in one or more

of the others.

Building the resilience of the poor and

strengthening disaster risk reduction are

key strategies for ending extreme poverty

in the most afflicted countries. Economic

losses from natural hazards are now

reaching an average of 250 billion to 300

billion US dollars a year.

Most poor people remain outside social

protection systems, especially in poorer

countries: about one in five people receive

any type of benefit in low-income

countries compared with two in three in

upper-middle-income countries.

Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food

security and improved nutrition and

promote sustainable agriculture

Goal 2 addresses a fundamental human

need—access to nutritious, healthy food,

and the means by which it can be

sustainably secured for everyone. Tackling

hunger cannot be addressed by increasing

food production alone. Well-functioning

markets, increased incomes for

smallholder farmers, equal access to

technology and land, and additional

investments all play a role in creating a

vibrant and productive agricultural sector

that builds food security.

In 2016, an estimated 155 million children

under age 5 were stunted (low height for

their age), 52 million were suffering from

wasting (low weight for their height), and

41 million were overweight. Globally, the

stunting rate fell from 33 per cent in 2000

to 23 per cent in 2016.

However, more than 790 million people

still lack regular access to adequate food.

If current trends continue, the zero hunger

targets will be largely missed by 2030. The

persistence of hunger is no longer a matter

of food availability. Rather, in many

Page 2 of 6

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 11

October 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 381

countries that failed to reach the

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

hunger target, natural and human-induced\

disasters or political instability have

resulted in food insecurity affecting large

swathes of the population.

Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and

promote well-being for all at all ages

Goal 3 addresses all major health priorities

and calls for improving reproductive,

maternal and child health; ending

communicable diseases; reducing non- communicable diseases and other health

hazards; and ensuring universal access to

safe, effective, quality and affordable

medicines and vaccines as well as health

coverage.

The period between 2000 and 2015 saw a

46 per cent reduction in HIV incidence; a

17 per cent decline in the incidence of

tuberculosis; a 41 per cent decrease in the

incidence of malaria; and a 21 per cent

drop in people requiring mass or

individual treatment and care for neglected

tropical diseases.

Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable

quality education and promote lifelong

learning opportunities for all

Goal 4 aims to ensure that all people have

access to quality education and the

opportunity for lifelong learning. The Goal

goes beyond school enrolment and looks at

proficiency levels, the availability of

trained teachers and adequate school

facilities, and disparities in education

outcomes.

Surveys undertaken between 2007 and

2015 in selected countries show that

children and adolescents from the richest

20 per cent of households achieved greater

proficiency in reading than those from the

poorest 20 per cent of households, and

urban children scored higher in reading

than rural children.

Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and

empower all women and girls

Gender inequality persists worldwide,

depriving women and girls of their basic

rights and opportunities. Achieving gender

equality and the empowerment of women

and girls will require more vigorous

efforts, including legal frameworks, to

counter deeply rooted gender-based

discrimination often resulting from

patriarchal attitudes and related social

norms.

In 2016, the number of women speakers of

parliament increased from 43 to 49 (out of

the 273 posts globally); women accounted

for 18 per cent of all speakers of

parliament in January 2016.

Goal 6: Ensure availability and

sustainable management of water and

sanitation for all

Goal 6 aims to tackle challenges related to

drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for

populations, as well as to water-related

ecosystems. Without quality, sustainable

water resources and sanitation, progress in

many other areas across the SDGs,

including health, education and poverty

reduction, will also be held back.

In 2015, 5.2 billion people (71 per cent of

the global population) used a “safely

managed” drinking water service—an

improved source located on premises,

available when needed and free from

contamination.

Page 3 of 6

Journal for Studies in Management and Planning

Available at

http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/

ISSN: 2395-0463

Volume 03 Issue 11

October 2017

Available online: http://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/JSMaP/ P a g e | 382

Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable,

reliable, sustainable and modern energy

for all

Universal access to affordable, reliable and

sustainable energy services requires

expanding access to electricity and clean

cooking fuels and technologies, as well as

improving energy efficiency and

increasing the use of renewable energy. To

achieve this Goal, bolder financing and

policies will be needed, along with the

willingness of countries to embrace new

technologies on a much more ambitious

scale.

A contributing factor was the proportion of

energy use covered by mandatory energy

efficiency regulation, which almost

doubled in the last decade (from 14 per

cent in 2005 to 27 per cent in 2014). Still,

progress is proceeding at only two-thirds

of the pace needed to double the global

rate of improvement in energy efficiency

by 2030.

Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive

and sustainable economic growth, full

and productive employment and decent

work for all

Economic growth is a principal driver of

sustainable development. When this

growth is sustained and inclusive, more

people can escape poverty as opportunities

for full and productive employment

expand. To allow future generations to

benefit from today’s economic growth,

such growth should be environmentally

sound and not the result of unsustainable

exploitation of resources.

The global unemployment rate fell from

6.1 per cent in 2010 to 5.7 per cent in

2016. Despite progress overall, youth

(aged 15 to 24 years) were nearly three

times more likely than adults to be without

a job, with unemployment rates of 12.8 per

cent and 4.4 per cent, respectively.

Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure,

promote inclusive and sustainable

industrialization and foster innovation

Infrastructure, industrialization and

innovation are three drivers of economic

growth. When inclusivity, resilience and

sustainability are factored into the

implementation of these driving forces,

economic growth can support sustainable

development.

Coverage by a mobile cellular signal has

become almost universal. In 2016, 95 per

cent of the world’s population was in

range of at least a second-generation (2G)

signal and 84 per cent received at least a

third-generation (3G) signal.

Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and

among countries

Goal 10 calls for reducing inequality

within and among countries, ensuring safe,

orderly and regular migration, and

strengthening the voices of developing

countries in international economic and

financial decision-making.

The international trade community

continues to grant more favourable access

conditions to LDCs: the proportion of

tariff lines for exports from LDCs with

zero tariffs increased from 49 per cent in

2005 to 65 per cent in 2015.

Goal 11: Make cities and human

settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and

sustainable