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Abstract


Universal Basic Income is a form of social security paid to individuals, not households, and it is paid


to everyone. That’s how it becomes universal. It can be paid in kind (such as food or services) or in


vouchers or can be a direct transfer into bank accounts to help reduce leakage. It is paid at regular


intervals, say monthly, not as a one-off grant. It is unconditional and paid without a requirement


to work or to demonstrate willingness-to-work. 


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