https://journals.eduindex.org/index.php/jsmap <p><strong>Journal for Studies in Management and Planning</strong>&nbsp;(<strong>JSMaP</strong>) with&nbsp;<strong>ISSN 2395-0463</strong>&nbsp;is a scholarly, referred, peer reviewed journal for publication of research papers.</p> <p>The primary purpose of&nbsp;<strong>Journal for Studies in Management and Planning</strong>&nbsp;is to publish scholarly research articles in the fields of Management, Business, Planning, Urban Studies, Developmental Issues, Policy Research, Environmental and Urban Planning.&nbsp;Journal for Studies in Management and Planning is recognized as a primary instrument for projecting and supporting the goals and objectives of this organization, which include scholarly research and the free exchange of ideas.&nbsp;Journal for Studies in Management and Planning appreciates reviews, original papers, and peer-reviewed research on all aspects of Management, Business, Planning, Urban Studies, Developmental Issues, Policy Research, Environmental and Urban Planning.</p> Edupedia Publications Pvt Ltd en-US Journal for Studies in Management and Planning 2395-0463 https://journals.eduindex.org/index.php/jsmap/article/view/20765 <p>The Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA), encompassing a projected population approaching 21 million across an expansive urban agglomeration of 1,876 square kilometers¹, represents one of the most spatially constrained and densely built urban environments in the Global South³. Bounded geographically by the Hooghly River to the west and the ecologically sensitive East Kolkata Wetlands to the east¹, Kolkata presents a unique urban planning paradigm. While its historical organic central core possesses exceptional baseline walkability, fine-grained block structures, and vibrant mixed-use streetscapes³, the metropolitan area's surface mobility network suffers from structural congestion⁴. Surface road space accounts for a mere 6% of Kolkata's total urban footprint⁸, a stark contrast to other Indian metropolises such as Delhi (23%) and Mumbai (18%)⁸. This constrained rights-of-way network, combined with a vehicular density of 2,448 vehicles per kilometer⁴, has led to severe corridor congestion, reduced average arterial traffic speeds (falling from 24–25 km/h in 2013 to 18–19 km/h in 2020)⁴, and a steady attrition of surface public transit services⁴.</p> <p>To address these spatial and mobility challenges, state and central authorities have undertaken an aggressive expansion of the Kolkata Metro rail network³. Anchored by the historic North-South Metro (Blue Line)—India's pioneer underground rapid transit system commissioned in 1984⁴—the network is expanding into a multi-corridor grid comprising the East-West Metro (Green Line), the Purple Line, the Orange Line, and the Yellow Line³. The flagship East-West corridor, stretching 16.6 kilometers from Howrah Maidan to Salt Lake Sector V and featuring India's first underwater rail tunnel beneath the Hooghly River⁸, exemplifies both the engineering achievements and the complex financial-institutional hurdles of megaproject execution in high-density urban settings¹¹.</p> <p>This case study examines Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) as an strategic framework for restructuring spatial growth, securing financial sustainability, and enhancing multi-modal mobility within the Kolkata Metropolitan Area³. By analyzing the spatial dynamics of organic central cores versus planned suburban townships⁶, evaluating the capital cost structures and Land Value Capture (LVC) potential across major transit corridors³, and dissecting the governance framework under the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) and the West Bengal Town and Country (Planning and Development) Act, 1979¹, this report provides a detailed roadmap for transit-land use integration in high-density post-colonial metropolises³.</p> Aditya Prasad Copyright (c) 2026 2026-07-30 2026-07-30 12 3 1 19