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Abstract
Phototherapy, which includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is a promising non-invasive treatment of cancers because of its highly located tumor specificities and minimal adverse reactions on normal tissues. Phototherapy alone, however, frequently causes reappearance of tumors that mainly prevents their clinical applications. Phototherapy involves light irradiation of target tissue. Numerous molecular photosensitization devices and photosensitive nanocarriers are developed with the aim of increasing selectivity and power. Usually, effective targeting entails harnessing the interaction between cell surface receptor and a ligand for better tissue aggregation.