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Abstract
Coal serves as the only natural resources and fossil fuel available in abundance in India and Odisha. A stream of benefits generated from coal mining in Odisha in terms of revenue yield, export earnings, industrialisation and employment generation. The major environmental challenges encountering the coal industry in Odisha are mining induced pollution, displacement, illegal mining, natural resource depletion or degradation. It affects the sustainable livelihood of rural communities. The study intends to examine the benefit streams from coal mining in Odisha and problem of pollution due to coal mining activities on sustainable livelihood of local communities. Coal mining is beneficial to society at the same time it brings several disasters. It is necessary to maintain a balance between coal minerals