Influence of Buddhism in South India

Abstract

The influence of Buddhism in South India, particularly during the Satavahana and Ikshvaku periods, is profound and far-reaching. The disintegration of the Mauryan empire allowed the rise of independent kingdoms such as the Cholas and Satavahanas, where Buddhism found fertile ground. The Satavahana kings, through their patronage, contributed significantly to the construction of Buddhist centers, stupas, and chaityas, which became hubs of religious and secular education. Key to this development was the spread of Mahayana Buddhism, which gained popularity due to its inclusive approach and the reverence shown by royal families, including the Ikshvaku dynasty. Nagarjunakonda, also known as Sriparvatam, emerged as a major center for Buddhist learning, housing a university where thousands of students studied under Acharya Nagarjuna. The architectural developments at Nagarjunakonda, including stupas and viharas, reflect the convergence of different Buddhist traditions, with a focus on both orthodoxy and Mahayanic ideals. The propagation of Buddhist thought was further aided by trade routes connecting the northern and southern regions, facilitating cultural exchange. The influence of Buddhism also extended beyond India, attracting mendicants from countries like China, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. The Buddhist contributions in the region, especially through the patronage of royal women and influential figures like Veerapurushadatta, helped establish South India as a key region in the global Buddhist landscape. Nagarjunakonda’s inscriptions and architecture remain a testament to this rich legacy.